Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia
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dietas que também aumentam os desperdícios domésticos
Bodirsky, B., et al., ‘The ongoing nutrition transition thwarts long-term targets for food security, public health and environmental protection’, Scientific Reports, 10, 2020: Article 19778, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-75213-3.a maioria da biomassa mamífera total
Bar-On, Y. M., et al., ‘The biomass distribution on Earth’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115 (25), 2018: 6506–11, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711842115.A produção agrícola aumentou… desde 1961
Arneth, A., et al., ‘Framing and context’, in Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems, ed. P. R. Shukla et al., 2019, https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/. -
cerca de três quartos da superfície terrestre (não gelada)
Winkler, K., et al., ‘Global land use changes are four times greater than previously estimated’, Nature Commuincations, 12, 2021: Article 2501, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22702-2.cerca de 37 milhões de quilómetros quadrados
Alexander, P., et al., ‘Human appropriation of land for food: the role of diet’, Global Environmental Change, 41, 2016: 88–98, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.09.005.a parcela dominante da área florestal total… é explorada pelo ser humano
Erb, K.-H., et al., ‘Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass’, Nature, 553 (7786), 20118: 73–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25138.menos de metade da área total contém árvores antigas
Pugh, T. A. M., et al., ‘Role of forest regrowth in global carbon sink dynamics’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116 (10), 2019: 4382–7, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810512116.o volume de produtos agrícolas comercializados à escala internacional
Krausmann, F., and Langthaler, E., ‘Food regimes and their trade links: a socio-ecological perspective’, Ecological Economics, 160, 2019: 87–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.02.011.A expansão das pastagens tem vindo a substituir as pradarias naturais
Ramankutty, N., et al., ‘Trends in global agricultural land use: implications for environmental health and food security’, Annual Review of Plant Biology, 69, 2018: 789–815, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040256.metade do cerrado brasileiro foi transformado para fins agropecuários
Strassburg, B. B. N., et al., ‘Moment of truth for the Cerrado hotspot’, Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1 (4), 2017: Article 0099, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0099.contam-se entre os biomas em vias de extinção
Carbutt, C., et al., ‘Global plight of native temperate grasslands: Going, going, gone?’, Biodiversity and Conservation, 26 (12), 2017: 2911–32, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1398-5.a maioria das zonas húmidas também já desapareceu
Leifeld, J., et al., ‘Intact and managed peatland soils as a source and sink of GHGs from 1850 to 2100’, Nature Climate Change, 9 (12), 2019: 945–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0615-5; Humpenöder, F., et al., ‘Peatland protection and restoration are key for climate change mitigation’, Environmental Research Letters, 15 (10), 2020: Article 104093, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abae2a.a irrigação global duplicou, são usados dez vezes mais fertilizantes com azoto
Arneth et al., ‘Framing and context’. -
dois terços são explorados moderadamente e o que resta é explorado com baixa intensidade
Erb et al., ‘Unexpectedly large impact of forest management’.os custos das doenças subsequentes, como diabetes e cancro
Bodirsky et al., ‘The ongoing nutrition transition’.irrigação agrícola constitui a vasta maioria do consumo humano de água
Rost, S., et al., ‘Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system’, Water Resource Research, 44 (9), 2008: Article W09405, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006331.O fertilizante com azoto fabricado pelo ser humano… deposita-se nos ecossistemas aquáticos
Bodirsky, B. L., et al., ‘Reactive nitrogen requirements to feed the world in 2050 and potential to mitigate nitrogen pollution’, Nature Communications, 5, 2014: Article 3858, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms4858.há mais espécies em risco de extinção do que em qualquer outra época da história da humanidade
Díaz, S., et al., ‘Assessing nature’s contributions to people’, Science, 359 (6373), 2018: 270–72, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8826. -
um efeito crucial na redução do declínio da biodiversidade
Pörtner, H. O., et al., Scientific Outcome of the IPBES–IPCC Co-sponsored Workshop on Biodiversity and Climate Change, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, 2021, https://doi:10.5281/zenodo.4659158.