Quarta parte / Que medidas tomámos

4.26 O Decrescimento

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

  1. O PIB está intimamente associado à energia e ao uso de recursos Wiedmann, T. O., et al., ‘The material footprint of nations’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112 (20), 2015: 6271–6, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220362110; Steinmann, Z. J. N., et al., ‘Resource footprints are good proxies of environmental damage’, Environmental Science and Technology, 51 (11), 2017: 6360–66, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00698.

    o uso de recursos já está a ultrapassar… o limite máximo de sustentabilidade Bringezu, S., ‘Possible target corridor for sustainable use of global material resources’, Resources, 4 (1), 2015: 25–54, https://doi.org/10.3390/resources4010025.

    o Norte Global é responsável por 92% Hickel, J., ‘Quantifying national responsibility for climate breakdown: an equality-based attribution approach for carbon dioxide emissions in excess of the planetary boundary’, Lancet Planetary Health, 4 (9), 2020: e399–e404, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30196-0.

    os países ricos dependem de uma apropriação elevada em termos líquidos Hickel, J., et al., ‘Imperialist appropriation in the world economy: drain from the Global South through unequal exchange, 1990–2015’, Global Environmental Change, 73, 2022: Article 102467, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2022.102467.

  2. não existem indícios de que o crescimento possa ser por completo dissociado Hickel, J., and Kallis, G., ‘Is green growth possible?’, New Political Economy, 25 (4), 2020: 469–86, https://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2019.1598964; Vadén, T., et al., ‘Decoupling for ecological sustainability: a categorisation and review of research literature’, Environmental Science and Policy, 112, 2020: 236–44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2020.06.016; Haberl, H., et al., ‘A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part II: synthesizing the insights’, Environmental Research Letters, 15 (6), 2020: Article 065003, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab842a.

    Estes resultados foram confirmados várias vezes pelos cientistas Haberl et al., ‘A systematic review of the evidence’; Vadén et al., ‘Decoupling for ecological sustainability’.

    “É enganador estabelecer políticas de desenvolvimento orientadas para o crescimento”  Ward, J. D., et al., ‘Is decoupling GDP growth from environmental impact possible?’, PLOS One, 11 (10), 2016: Article e0164733, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164733.

    mais crescimento é sinónimo de maior gasto de energia Hickel, J., et al., ‘Urgent need for post-growth climate mitigation scenarios’, Nature Energy, 6 (8), 2021: 766–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-021-00884-9.

    é possível suprir as necessidades humanas com elevados padrões de qualidade com muito menos energia Millward-Hopkins, J., et al., ‘Providing decent living with minimum energy: a global scenario’, Global Environmental Change, 65, 2020: Article 102168, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102168; Jackson, T., Prosperity without Growth: Foundations for the Economy of Tomorrow (Abingdon: Routledge, 2017).

  3. O decrescimento precisa de uma redução planeada Hickel, J., Less Is More: How Degrowth Will Save the World(London: William Heinemann, 2020).