Segunda parte / Como o planeta está a mudar

2.14 A Água Doce

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

  1. até 20%… são usados no sistema hídrico Szinai, J., et al., Szinai, J., et al., The Future of California’s Water–Energy–Climate Nexus, Next 10 and the Pacific Institute, de Setembro de 2021, https://pacinst.org/publication/the-future-of-californias-water-energy-climate-nexus/.

    A espécie humana já está a alterar o clima Hoegh-Guldberg, O., et al., ‘Impacts of 1.5°C global warming on natural and human systems’, in Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-3/.

    O aquecimento e o desaparecimento dos rios estão a prejudicar a pesca Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, ‘Summary for policymakers’, in Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-3/.

    Está a aumentar a frequência e a gravidade dos conflitos relacionados com os recursos hídricos Gleick, P. H., ‘Water as a weapon and casualty of armed conflict: a review of recent water‐related violence in Iraq, Syria, and Yemen’, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 6 (4), 2019: Article e1351, https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1351.

  2. já atingiram ou estão perto do “máximo hídrico” Gleick, P. H., and Palaniappan, M., ‘Peak water limits to freshwater withdrawal and use’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (25), 2010: 11155–62, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1004812107.

    é possível uma nova abordagem Gleick, P. H., ‘Global freshwater resources: soft-path solutions for the 21st century’, Science, 302 (5650), 2003: 1524–8, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089967.

    O fornecimento de água e saneamento seguros a todos Gleick, P. H., ‘Transitions to freshwater sustainability’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115 (36), 2018: 8863–71, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808893115.