Terceira parte / Como somos afetados

3.4 A Poluição Atmosférica

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

  1. A exposição a níveis elevados de matéria particulada fina e ozono Burnett, R., et al., ‘Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115 (38), 2018: 9592–7; Vohra, K., et al., ‘Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem, Environmental Research’, Environmental Research, 195, 2021: Article 110754, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754; Seltzer, K. M., et al., ‘Measurement-based assessment of health burdens from long-term ozone exposure in the United States, Europe, and China’, Environmental Research Letters, 13 (10), 2018: Article 104018, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae29d; Shindell, D., et al., ‘Quantified, localized health benefits of accelerated carbon dioxide emissions reductions’, Nature Climate Change, 8 (4), 2018: 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0108-y.

    Parar de queimar combustíveis fósseis para obter energia Vohra et al., ‘Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution’.

    Estima-se que a poluição atmosférica interior mata prematuramente
    cerca de 4 milhões de pessoas     Organização Mundial da Saúde, ‘Household air pollution and health’, 8 de Maio de 2018, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health.

  2. cerca de 30% das emissões globais de metano Saunois, M., et al., ‘The global methane budget 2000–2017’, Earth System Science Data, 12 (3), 2020: 1561–623, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-1561-2020

    cerca de 500 mil mortes prematuras por ano Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, no prelo), https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/; Climate and Clean Air Coalition and United Nations Environment Programme, Global Methane Assessment: Benefits and Costs of Mitigating Methane Emissions, 2021, https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/resources/global-methane-assessment-full-report.

  3. os benefícios… em termos de ar puro ultrapassariam os custos Shindell, D., et al., ‘Temporal and spatial distribution of health, labor, and crop benefits of climate change mitigation in the United States’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118 (46), 2021: Article e2104061118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2104061118.

    60 a 65% desses benefícios ainda se concretizariam Ibid.