Quarta parte / Que medidas tomámos

4.7 De que Modo as Florestas Podem Ajudar-nos?

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Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

  1. armazenando cerca de duas vezes mais do que a atmosfera Arneth, A., et al., ‘Framing and context’, in Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems, ed. P. R. Shukla et al., 2019, https://www.ipcc.ch/srccl/.

    cerca de 13,2 de CO2 equivalente (GtCO2e) Friedlingstein, P., et al., ‘Global carbon budget 2020’, Earth Systems Science Data, 12 (4), 2020: 3269–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020.

    Esta expansão é muitas vezes impulsionada por florestas de monoculturas industriais Le Noë, J., et al., ‘Altered growth conditions more than reforestation counteracted forest biomass carbon emissions 1990–2020’, Nature Communications, 12, 2021: Article 6075, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26398-2.

    No início do século XIX, as florestas de muitas regiões estavam fortemente reduzidas Gingrich, S., et al., ‘Forest transitions in the United States, France and Austria: dynamics of forest change and their socio-metabolic drivers’, Journal of Land Use Science, 17 (1), 2022: 113–33, https://doi.org/10.1080/1747423X.2021.2018514.

  2. responsáveis por emissões de utilização do solo de 2,4 GtCO2e por ano Hong, C., et al., ‘Global and regional drivers of land-use emissions in 1961–2017’, Nature, 589 (7843), 2021: 554–61, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-03138-y; Arneth, ‘Framing and context’.

    as reservas de carbono de florestas plantadas são consideravelmente mais
    baixas
     Erb, K.-H., et al., ‘Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass’, Nature, 553 (7686), 2018: 73–6, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature25138.

    Esta “duração de vida”… é, tipicamente, de cerca de cinquenta anos Luyssaert, S., et al., ‘Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks’, Nature, 455 (7210), 2008: 213–15, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07276.

    este “tempo de paridade” pode demorar… séculos Erb, K.-H., et al., ‘Changes in perspective needed to forge “no-regret” forest-based climate change mitigation strategies’, GCB Bioenergy, 14 (3), 2022: 246–57, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12921.

    a quantidade de artefactos fabricados pelo homem excede a massa Elhacham, E., et al., ‘Global human-made mass exceeds all living biomass’, Nature, 588 (7838), 2020: 442–4, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-3010-5

    devemos concentrar-nos na redução da utilização de recursos Creutzig, F., et al., ‘Beyond technology: demand-side solutions for climate change mitigation’, Annual Review of Environmental Resources, 41, 2016: 173–98, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085428

    Hoje em dia, na União Europeia, cerca de um quarto a um terço da madeira cortada Camia, A., et al., The Use of Woody Biomass for Energy Production in the EU, European Commission Joint Research Centre, 2021, https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC122719.

    a legislação da União Europeia trate a bioenergia florestal como sustentável Searchinger, T. D., et al., ‘Europe’s renewable energy directive poised to harm global forests’, Nature Communications, 9, 2018: Article 3741, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06175-4.