Quarta parte / Que medidas tomámos

4.22 O Mito da Reciclagem

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

  1. As grandes empresas de alimentos e bebidas são justamente responsabilizadas Dunaway, F., ‘The “Crying Indian” ad that fooled the environmental movement’, Chicago Tribune, 21 de Novembro de 2017, https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-indian-crying-environment-ads-pollution-1123-20171113-story.html.

    os custos de gestão dos plásticos descartáveis passaram Mulholland, L., and Stern, M., ‘Coca Cola’s 100 billion bottle problem’, Panorama, BBC1, 30 de Outubro de 2021, https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0010zxs.

    o anúncio televisivo do “índio choroso” ‘Keep America beautiful: the crying Indian (1970)’, YouTube, uploaded 4 de Julho de 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0sxwGlTLWw.

    oposição ativa à legislação… mudar para garrafas reutilizáveis Dunaway, ‘The “Crying Indian” ad’.

    a Coca-Cola produz 100 mil milhões de garrafas de plástico descartáveis Mulholland and Stern, ‘Coca Cola’s 100 billion bottle problem’.

  2. “Os poluidores não são as empresas de embalamento” Boscia, S., ‘Tory MP moonlighting as packaging lobby chair tried to soften environmental laws on plastic’, City A.M.., 10 de Novembro de 2021, https://www.cityam.com/tory-mp-moonlighting-as-packaging-lobby-chair-tried-to-soften-environmental-laws-on-plastic/.

    o mundo apenas usufruiria de uma redução de 7% Pew Charitable Trusts and SystemIQ, Breaking the Plastic Wave: A Comprehensive Assessment of Pathways towards Stopping Ocean Plastic Pollution, 2020, https://www.systemiq.earth/breakingtheplasticwave/.

    Os 9% de plástico… chegam a um centro de reciclagem Geyer, R., et al., ‘Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made’, Science Advances, 3 (7), 2017: Article e1700782, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700782.

  3. A auditoria de 2021 mostrou que a Coca-Cola… são as principais poluidoras Break Free from Plastic, Branded: Brand Audit Report 2021, 2021, https://www.breakfreefromplastic.org/brandaudit2021/.

    Os resíduos de plástico… mesmo quando não são descartados He, P., et al., ‘Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill: a source of microplastics? Evidence of microplastics in landfill leachate’, Water Research, 159, 2019: 38–45, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.060.

    queima de plástico em incineradores de “energia de resíduos” Ballinger, A., et al., Greenhouse Gas and Air Quality Impacts of Incineration and Landfill, Eunomia, 9 de Março de 2021, https://www.eunomia.co.uk/reports-tools/greenhouse-gas-and-air-quality-impacts-of-incineration-and-landfill/.

    o mito da reciclagem mantém-se vivo Environmental Investigation Agency, The Truth behind Trash: The Scale and Impact of the International Trade in Plastic Waste, de Setembro de 2021, https://eia-international.org/wp-content/uploads/EIA-The-Truth-Behind-Trash-FINAL.pdf.

    Em 2018, a Greenpeace enviou investigadores para a Malásia Greenpeace Malaysia, The Recycling Myth: Malaysia and the Broken Global Recycling System, 27 de Novembro de 2018, https://www.greenpeace.org/southeastasia/publication/549/the-recycling-myth/.

    isto não impede a indústria Disley, E., et al., eds., Mapping the Risk of Serious and Organized Crime Infiltrating Legitimate Businesses: Final Report, European Commission, Directorate-General for Migration and Home Affairs, 2021, https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2837/64101.

  4. O Reino Unido é o segundo maior produtor de resíduos plásticos per capita do mundo Carrington, D., ‘US and UK citizens are world’s biggest sources of plastic waste: study’, Guardian, 30 de Outubro de 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/oct/30/us-and-uk-citizens-are-worlds-biggest-sources-of-plastic-waste-study.

    Em 2020, o ministro responsável pelo lixo… ‘Plastics: pollution control. Question for Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs’, Written Questions, Answers and Statements UIN 113020, tabled on 9 de Novembro de 2020, UK Parliament, https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-questions/detail/2020-11-09/113020.

    Na primavera seguinte, os investigadores da Greenpeace… Greenpeace, Trashed: How the UK Is Still Dumping Waste on the Rest of the World, 17 de Maio de 2021, https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Trashed-Greenpeace-plastics-report-final.pdf.

    Em dez locais nos subúrbios de Adana Ibid.

    Noventa e nove por cento do plástico é composto por insumos petroquímicos Greenpeace, The Climate Emergency Unpacked: How Consumer Goods Companies Are Fueling Big Oil’s Plastic Expansion, de Setembro de 2021, https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/1001_GP_Unpacked_Report_ENG_FINAL.pdf.

    O plástico liberta gases com efeito de estufa em todas as fases Vallette, J., et al., The New Coal: Plastics and Climate Change, Beyond Plastics, de Outubro de 2021, https://www.beyondplastics.org/s/REPORT_The_New-Coal_Plastics_and_Climate-Change_10-21-2021.pdf.

    investir milhares de milhões em fábricas de petroquímicos Ambrose, J., ‘“War on plastic” could strand oil industry’s £300bn investment’, Guardian, 4 de Setembro de 2020, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/04/war-on-plastic-could-strand-oil-industrys-300bn-investment.

    A Agência Internacional de Energia previu Fernandez Pales, A., et al., The Future of Petrochemicals: Towards More Sustainable Plastics and Fertilisers, Agência Internacional de Energia, de Outubro de 2018, https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-petrochemicals.

    os plásticos raramente são mencionados quando se debatem as políticas relativas às alterações climáticas Vallette et al., The New Coal.

    espera-se que a produção de plástico duplique em capacidade até 2040 Pew Charitable Trusts and SystemIQ, Breaking the Plastic Wave.