Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia
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uma voraz praga de gafanhotos do deserto
Njagi, D., ‘The biblical locust plagues of 2020’, BBC Future Planet, 6 de Agosto de 2020, https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200806-the-biblical-east-african-locust-plagues-of-2020.mudanças recentes na circulação oceânica e atmosférica
Salih, A. A. M., et al., ‘Climate change and locust outbreak in East Africa’, Nature Climate Change, 10 (7), 2020: 584–5, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0835-8.reduzindo a produção e provocando a perda de colheitas
Myers, S. S., et al., ‘Climate change and global food systems: potential impacts on food security and undernutrition’, Annual Review of Public Health, 38, 2017: 259–77, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356.culturas que cresciam com estas concentrações elevadas de CO2 concentrations
Myers, S. S., et al., ‘Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition’, Nature, 510 (7503), 2014: 139–42, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13179. -
diversas variedades de arroz também apresentam grandes reduções
Zhu C., et al., ‘Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries’, Science Advances, 4 (5), 2018: Article eaaq1012, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1012Em estudos de modelização, concluímos que as alterações nos nutrientes
Medek, D. E., et al., ‘Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region’, Environmental Health Perspectives, 125, (8), 2017, https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP41; Myers, S. S., et al., ‘Effect of increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide on the global threat of zinc deficiency: a modelling study’, Lancet Global Health, 3 (10), 2015: e639–e645, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00093-5.um aumento de 132 milhões de pessoas com défice de ácido fólico
Smith, M. R., and Myers, S. S., ‘Global health implications of nutrient changes in rice under high atmospheric carbon dioxide’, GeoHealth, 3 (7), 2019: 190–200, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GH000188.défice de tiamina… danos no sistema nervoso, no coração e no cérebro
Ibid.1,4 mil milhões de mulheres e crianças com idades inferiores a cinco anos
Smith, M. R., et al., ‘Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions’, GeoHealth, 1 (6), 2017: 248–57, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GH000018; Smith, M. R., and Myers, S. S., ‘Impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on global human nutrition’, Nature Climate Change, 8 (9), 2018: 834–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0253-3.provocar a extinção de espécies a uma velocidade mil vezes superior à taxa de base
World Wildlife Fund, Living Planet Report 2020: Bending the Curve of Biodiversity Loss, 10 de Setembro de 2020, https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/living-planet-report-2020.uma diminuição de mais de 75% nos insetos voadores
Hallmann, C. A., et al., ‘More than 75 per cent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas’, PLOS One, 12 (10), 2017: Article e0185809, https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185809.cruciais para que a humanidade tenha uma alimentação nutritiva
Garibaldi, L. A., et al., ‘Exploring connections between pollinator health and human health’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377 (1853) 2021: Article 20210158, https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0158.uma grande parte das calorias totais
Klein, A.-M., et al., ‘Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops’, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274 (1608), 2006: 303–13, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3721.uma parte ainda maior dos nutrientes
Eilers, E. J., et al., ‘Contribution of pollinator-mediated crops to nutrients in the human food supply’, PLOS One, 6 (6), 2011: Article e21363, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021363um excedente de até 1,4 milhões de mortes todos os anos
Smith, M. R., et al., ‘Effects of decreases of animal pollinators on human nutrition and global health: a modelling analysis’, Lancet, 386 (10007), 2015: 1964–72, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61085-6.a população global de peixes tem diminuído a um ritmo constante
Pauly, D., and Zeller, D., ‘Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining’, Nature Communications, 7, 2016: Article 10244, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10244. -
o aquecimento do oceano piore estas tendências
Cheung, W. W. L., et al., ‘Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch’, Nature, 497 (7449), 2013: 365–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12156.mais de mil milhões de pessoas dependem da pesca de pescado selvagem
Golden, C. D., et al., ‘Fall in fish catch threatens human health’, Nature, 534 (7607), 2016: 317–20, https://doi.org/10.1038/534317a.a nutrição está a ser esmagada num torno
Myers, S. S., ‘Food and nutrition on a rapidly changing planet’, in Myer, S. S., and Frumkin, H., eds., Planetary Health: Protecting Nature to Protect Ourselves (Washington, DC: Island Press 2020).Proteger o nosso planeta já não é apenas uma prioridade ambiental
Myers and Frumkin, eds., Planetary Health.