Segunda parte / Como o planeta está a mudar

2.16 Os Incêndios Florestais

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

  1. as condições atmosféricas… alterações no regime de incêndios Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, ‘Technical summary’, in Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, ed. P. R. Shukla et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, no prelo), https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/about/how-to-cite-this-report; Seneviratne, S. I., et al., ‘Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate’, in Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, no prelo), https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/; Ranasinghe, R., et al., ‘Climate change information for regional impact and for risk assessment’, in Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Alterações Climáticas, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, no prelo), doi: 10.1017/9781009157896.014.

    a influência humana na ocorrência de condições atmosféricas propícias a incêndios Abatzoglou, J. T., et al., ‘Global emergence of anthropogenic climate change in fire weather indices’, Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (1), 2019: 326–36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080959.

    com um aquecimento global de 3°C acima dos níveis pré-industriais, a área afetada Ibid.

    21% das florestas temperadas da Austrália arderam Boer, M. M., et al., ‘Unprecedented burn area of Australian mega forest fires’, Nature Climate Change, 10 (3), 2020: 171–2, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0716-1.

    megaincêndios, durante os quais ardeu a incrível área de 24 milhões de hectares Van der Velde, I. R., et al., ‘Vast CO2 release from Australian fires in 2019–2020 constrained by satellite’, Nature, 597 (7876), 2021: 366–9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03712-y; Nolan, R. H., et al., ‘What do the Australian Black Summer fires signify for the global fire crisis?’, Fire, 4 (4), 2021: Article 97, https://doi.org/10.3390/fire4040097.

  2. o número de animais mortos ou deslocados atingiu… 3 mil milhões Nolan et al., ‘What do the Australian Black Summer fires signify for the global fire crisis?’; Collins, L., et al., ‘The 2019–2020 mega-fires exposed Australian ecosystems to an unprecedented extent of high-severity fire’, Environmental Research Letters, 16 (4), 2021: Article 044029, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abeb9e.

    Em Lytton, na Colúmbia Britânica, as temperaturas World Meteorological Organization, State of Global Climate 2021: WMO Provisional Report, 2021, https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=21982#.Yd-bCS0RrUI.

    um volume de CO2 nunca antes visto, da ordem dos 6,45 mil milhões de toneladas Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, ‘Wildfires wreaked havoc in 2021, CAMS tracked their impact’, 6 de Dezembro de 2021, https://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/wildfires-wreaked-havoc-2021-cams-tracked-their-impact; Friedlingstein, P., et al., ‘Global carbon budget 2021’, Earth System Science Data, 14 (4), 2022: 1917–2005, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1917-2022.

    mais do dobro das emissões totais de CO2 Friedlingstein, et al., ‘Global Carbon Budget 2021’.