Todas las fuentes en línea se consultaron el
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un 16 por ciento del dióxido de carbono de la atmósfera
Beer, C., et al., ‘Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate’, Science, 329 (5993), 2010: 834–8, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1184984; Bullock, E. L., et al., ‘Satellite‐based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon’, Global Change Biology, 26 (5), 2020: 2956–69, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15029.ayuda a almacenar entre 150.000 y 200.000 millones de toneladas de carbono
Saatchi, S. S., et al., ‘Distribution of above-ground live biomass in the Amazon basin’, Global Change Biology, 13 (4), 2007: 816–37, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01323.x; Malhi, Y., et al., ‘Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests’, Global Change Biology, 15 (5), 2009: 1255–74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x; Oliveira Marques, J. D. de, et al., ‘Soil carbon stocks under Amazonian forest: distribution in the soil fractions and vulnerability to emission’, Open Journal of Forestry, 7 (2), 2017: 121–42, doi: 10.4236/ojf.2017.72008.La temperatura […] ha subido una media de 1,02°C
Gatti, L. V., et al., ‘Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change’, Nature, 595 (7867), 2021: 388–93, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03629-6.2019-2020 fue el segundo año más cálido desde 1960
Marengo, J. A., et al., ‘Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends’, Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, 2018: Article 228, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00228; Nobre, C. A., and Borma, L. D. S., ‘“Tipping points” for the Amazon forest’, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1 (1), 2009: 28–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2009.07.003.Asimismo, la variabilidad climática ha aumentado […] sequías y olas de calor
Nobre, C. A., et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113 (39), 2016: 10759–68, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605516113; Marengo et al., ‘Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends’; Nobre y Borma, ‘“Tipping points” for the Amazon forest’.la concentración actual es de 414 ppm
Global Monitoring Laboratory, ‘Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide’, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021, https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/global.html; Ellwanger, J. H., et al., ‘Beyond diversity loss and climate change: impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health’, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92, 2020: artículo 20191375, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020191375. -
más de ciento cincuenta días al año […] mayores de 35°C
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, en prensa), doi: 10.1017/9781009157896.001.muy vinculada con la construcción de carreteras
National Institute of Space Research, TerraBrasilis, http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/app/map/deforestation; Beer et al., ‘Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate’; Bullock et al., ‘Satellite‐based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon’.una reducción del 40 por ciento en pluviosidad
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’; Leite-Filho, A. T., et al., ‘Effects of deforestation on the onset of the rainy season and the duration of dry spells in Southern Amazonia’, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 2019: 5268–81, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029537.un mayor incremento en la mortalidad de los árboles y las emisiones de carbono
Malhi et al., ‘Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests’.perecieron 2.500 millones de árboles
Science Panel for the Amazon, Executive Summary of the Amazon Assessment Report 2021, ed. C. Nobre et al., United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2001, https://www.theamazonwewant.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/220717-SPA-Executive-Summary-2021-EN.pdf.una proliferación de plantas herbáceas y leñosas
Nobre, C. A., et al., ‘Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change’, Journal of Climate, 4 (10), 1991: 957–88, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0957:ADARCC>2.0.CO;2.alteración de los procesos estacionales de brotación
Camargo, M. G. G. de, et al., ‘Leafing patterns and leaf exchange strategies of a cerrado woody community’, Biotropica, 50 (3), 2018: 442–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12552; Cammelli, F., et al., ‘Smallholders’ perceptions of fire in the Brazilian Amazon: exploring implications for governance arrangements’, Human Ecology, 47 (4), 2019: 601–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00096-6.nuevas estrategias de rebrotación postincendio
Pilon, N. A. L., et al., ‘The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer’, Journal of Ecology, 109 (1), 2021: 154–66, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13456.cuando la deforestación afecte al 40 por ciento
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’; Sampaio, G., et al., ‘Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion’, Geophysical Research Letters, 34 (17), 2007: artículo L17709, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030612.hacia 2050 hasta el 60 por ciento […] desaparezca
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’. -
una «barrera verde» contra la propagación de enfermedades infecciosas
Global Monitoring Laboratory, ‘Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide’; Ellwanger et al., ‘Beyond diversity loss and climate change’; Flores, B. M., and Levis, C., ‘Human-food feedback in tropical forests’, Science, 372 (6547), 2021: 1146–7, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh1806;
Sokolow, S. H., Nova, N., Pepin, K. M., Peel, A. J., Pulliam, J. R. C., Manlove, K., Cross, P. C., Becker, D. J., Plowright, R. K., McCallum, H., & de Leo, G. A. (2019), ‘Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374(1782). https://doi.org/10.1098/RSTB.2018.0342efectos devastadores en la biodiversidad
Laurindo, R. S., et al., ‘The effects of habitat loss on bat-fruit networks’, Biodiversity and Conservation, 28 (3), 2019: 589–601, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1676-x.en especial en áreas desforestadas
Leite-Filho et al., ‘Effects of deforestation’.de 2 a 3°C más cálida
Gatti et al., ‘Amazonia as a carbon source’.La evapotranspiración y el reciclado de agua se han reducido de forma drástica
Barkhordarian, A., et al., ‘A recent systematic increase in vapor pressure deficit over tropical South America’, Science Reports, 9, 2019: artículo 15331, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51857-8.ha empezado a emitirse más carbono del que se almacenaba
Gatti et al., ‘Amazonia as a carbon source’.una fuente de carbono, en lugar de un sumidero
Ibid.transformarse en una sabana degradada
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’.supondría un riesgo directo de muerte
Alves de Oliveira, B. F., et al., ‘Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon’, Communications Earth and Environment, 2, 2021: Article 207, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00275-8.