Part Two / How our Planet is Changing

2.11 Warming Oceans and Rising Seas

All online sources accessed on

  1. Greenhouse gases start to decline MacDougall, A. H., et al. ‘Is there warming in the pipeline? A multi-model analysis of the zero emissions commitment from CO2’, Biogeosciences, 17 (11), 2020: 2987–3016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2987-2020.

    this adds to heavy rainfall events Pendergrass, A. G., and Knutti, R., ‘The uneven nature of daily precipitation and its change’, Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (21), 2018: 11980–88, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080298.

  2. So far, the sea level rise … matches independent data WCRP Global Sea Level Budget Group, ‘Global sea-level budget 1993–present’, Earth System Science Data, 10 (3), 2018: 1551–90, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1551-2018.

  3. The AMOC is the main reason Feulner, G., et al., ‘On the origin of the surface air temperature difference between the hemispheres in Earth’s present-day climate’, Journal of Climate, 26 (18) 2013: 7136–50, https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/26/18/jcli-d-12-00636.1.xml.

  4. credible warning signs from observational data Boers, N., ‘Observation-based early-warning signals for a collapse of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation’, Nature Climate Change, 11 (8), 2021: 680–88, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01097-4.