Part Five / What We Must Do Now

5.3 Towards 1.5°C Lifestyles

All online sources accessed on

  1. ‘I shop therefore I am’ Kruger, B., I shop therefore I am, 1987, MoMA, New York, https://www.moma.org/collection/works/64897.

    According to Oxfam, if humanity is to live well Gore, T., ‘Confronting carbon inequality: putting justice at the heart of the COVID-19 recovery’, Oxfam International, 21 September 2020, https://www.oxfam.org/en/research/confronting-carbon-inequality.

    ‘human wants and desires are countless’ Marshall, A., Principles of Economics (London: Macmillan & Co., 1890), book 3, chapter 2.1.

  2. ‘Mass production is profitable’ Bernays, E., Propaganda (1928; New York: Ig Publishing, 2005), 84.

    ‘We are governed, our minds are molded’ Ibid., 37–8.

    ‘publicity is not merely an assembly’ Berger, J., Ways of Seeing (London: BBC and Penguin, 1972), 131.

    between 2000 and 2014 the average consumer Remy, N., et al., ‘Style that’s sustainable: a new fast-fashion formula’, McKinsey Sustainability, 20 October 2016, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/sustainability/our-insights/style-thats-sustainable-a-new-fast-fashion-formula.

  3. Out of all textile fibres currently produced Ellen McArthur Foundation, A New Textiles Economy: Redesigning Fashion’s Future , 2017, https://ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/a-new-textiles-economy.

    the global fashion industry produces around 2 per cent of all greenhouse gas emissions Sadowski, M., et al., Roadmap to Net Zero: Delivering Science-Based Targets in the Apparel Sector, World Resources Institute working paper, November 2021, https://doi.org/10.46830/wriwp.20.00004.

    To reduce ecological impacts on the scale required Akenji, L., et al., 1.5-Degree Lifestyles: Towards a Fair Consumption Space for All, Hot or Cool Institute, October 2021, https://hotorcool.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Hot_or_Cool_1_5_lifestyles_FULL_REPORT_AND_ANNEX_B.pdf.

    Such ‘choice editing’ has long been practised Ibid.

    In 2019, the city of Amsterdam pledged that it would ban Reuters, ‘Amsterdam to ban polluting cars from 2030’, 2 May 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-pollution-amsterdam-idUSKCN1S81XV.

    In 2021, the Welsh government announced a freeze BBC News, ‘Wales transport: freeze on all new road building projects’, 22 June 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-politics-57552390; BBC News, ‘France moves to ban short-haul domestic flights’, 12 April 2021, https://www.bbc. com/news/world-europe-56716708.

  4. The policy has already spurred local innovation Clouse, C., ‘Amsterdam blazes a trail for circular fashion’, GreenBiz, 18 November 2021, https://www.greenbiz.com/article/amsterdam-blazes-trail-circular-fashion.

    In Vienna … over 60 per cent of people live in social housing Ball, J., ‘“Housing as a basic human right”: the Vienna model of social housing’, New Statesman, 3 September 2019, https://www.newstatesman.com/spotlight/2019/09/housing-basic-human-right-vienna-model-social-housing.

    Health-care spending per person in the United States Wager, E., et al., ‘How does health spending in the U.S. compare to other countries?’, Health System Tracker, 21 January 2022, https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/health-spending-u-s-compare-countries/; Pichler, P. P., et al., ‘International comparison of health care carbon footprints’, Environmental Research Letters, 14 (6), 2019: Article 064004, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab19e1.

    ‘public luxury and private sufficiency’ Monbiot, G., ‘Public luxury for all or private luxury for some: this is the choice’, Guardian, 31 May 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/may/31/private-wealth-labour-common-space.

    ‘Wherever and whenever we are excessive’ Phillips, A., ‘Insatiable creatures’, Guardian, 8 August 2009, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/aug/08/excess-adam-phillips.

  5. ‘Although we have relative material abundance’ Gerhardt, S., The Selfish Society: How We All Forgot to Love One Another and Made Money Instead (London: Simon and Schuster, 2010), 32–3.

    five simple acts that are proven to promote well-being Aked, J., et al., Five Ways to Wellbeing, New Economics Foundation, 22 October 2008, https://neweconomics.org/2008/10/five-ways-to-wellbeing.

    the Transition Network Transition Network, https://transitionnetwork.org/.

    Take The Jump The Jump, https://takethejump.org/.