3.3 Les maladies liées à la chaleur

Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera

Les sources numériques ont toutes été consultées en mai 2022

Depuis quelques années, des vagues de chaleur extrême historiques Robine, J.-M., et al., ‘Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003’, Comptes rendus biologies, 331 (2), 2008: 171–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001; Shaposhnikov, D., et al., ‘Mortality related to air pollution with the Moscow heat wave and wildfire of 2010’, Epidemiology, 25 (3), 2014: 359–64, doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000090.

environ 1 % de l’ensemble des décès survenus dans le monde est imputable à la chaleur Zhao, Q., et al., ‘Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with non-optimal ambient temperatures from 2000 to 2019: a three-stage modelling study’, Lancet Planetary Health, 5 (7), 2021: e415–e425, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00081-4.

cette charge s’alourdira au cours des prochaines décennies Vicedo-Cabrera, A. M., et al., ‘The burden of heat-related mortality attributable to recent human-induced climate change’, Nature Climate Change, 11 (6), 2021: 492–500, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-021-01058-x.

le changement climatique multipliera par dix le nombre actuel de décès liés à la chaleur Gasparrini, A., et al., ‘Projections of temperature-related excess mortality under climate change scenarios’, Lancet Planetary Health, 1 (9), 2017: e360–e367, https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(17)30156-0

les risques accrus liés à la chaleur s’observent […] chez les personnes âgées Chen, K., Vicedo-Cabrera, A. M., and Dubrow, R., ‘Projections of ambient temperature- and air pollution-related mortality burden under combined climate change and population aging scenarios: a review’, Current Environmental Health Reports, 7 (3), 2020: 243–55, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-020-00281-6
sérieux problèmes bien en deçà de ce seuil Buzan, J. R., et Huber, M., ‘Moist heat stress on a hotter earth’, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 48, 2020: 623–55, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-053018-060100.

les coups de chaleur ne sont responsables que d’une infime partie Alahmad, B., et al., ‘Cardiovascular mortality and exposure to heat in an inherently hot region: implications for climate change’, Circulation, 141 (15), 2020: 1271–3, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044860.

La mortalité n’est que la partie émergée de l’iceberg Romanello, M., et al., ‘The 2021 report of the Lancet countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future’, Lancet, 398 (10311), 2021: 1619–62, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01787-6.

les personnes âgées, les femmes enceintes, les enfants et les personnes souffrant de maladies chroniques Benmarhnia, T., et al., ‘Review article: vulnerability to heat-related mortality: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis’, Epidemiology, 26 (6), 2015: 781–93, doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000375.

Les impacts varient également considérablement selon les régions Gasparrini, A., et al., ‘Mortality risk attributable to high and low ambient temperature: a multicountry observational study’, Lancet, 386 (9991), 2015: 369–75, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62114-0.

les populations fortement urbanisées […] les plus touchées Sera, F., et al., ‘How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis’, International Journal of Epidemiology, 48 (4), 2019: 1101–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz008.

S’il est vrai que nous nous sommes partiellement adaptés à la chaleur Vicedo-Cabrera, A. M., et al., ‘A multi-country analysis on potential adaptive mechanisms to cold and heat in a changing climate’, Environment International, 111, 2018: 239–46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.006.
La climatisation est longtemps apparue comme une solution efficace Sera, F., et al., ‘Air conditioning and heat-related mortality: a multi-country longitudinal study’, Epidemiology, 31 (6), 2020: 779–87, doi: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001241.