Toutes les sources numériques ont été consultées le
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absorbe […] 16 % du dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique
Beer, C., et al., ‘Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate’, Science, 329 (5993), 2010: 834–8, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1184984; Bullock, E. L., et al., ‘Satellite‐based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon’, Global Change Biology, 26 (5), 2020: 2956–69, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15029.séquestrer entre 150 et 200 milliards de tonnes de carbone
Saatchi, S. S., et al., ‘Distribution of above-ground live biomass in the Amazon basin’, Global Change Biology, 13 (4), 2007: 816–37, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01323.x; Malhi, Y., et al., ‘Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests’, Global Change Biology, 15 (5), 2009: 1255–74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x; Oliveira Marques, J. D. de, et al., ‘Soil carbon stocks under Amazonian forest: distribution in the soil fractions and vulnerability to emission’, Open Journal of Forestry, 7 (2), 2017: 121–42, doi: 10.4236/ojf.2017.72008.La température […] une hausse moyenne de 1,02 °C
Gatti, L. V., et al., ‘Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change’, Nature, 595 (7867), 2021: 388–93, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03629-6.l’année 2019-2020 a été la plus chaude depuis 1960
Marengo, J. A., et al., ‘Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends’, Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, 2018: Article 228, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2018.00228; Nobre, C. A., and Borma, L. D. S., ‘“Tipping points” for the Amazon forest’, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 1 (1), 2009: 28–36, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2009.07.003.La variabilité du climat […] notamment les sécheresses et les canicules
Nobre, C. A., et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113 (39), 2016: 10759–68, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605516113; Marengo et al., ‘Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends’; Nobre and Borma, ‘« Tipping points » for the Amazon forest’.414 ppm actuellement
Global Monitoring Laboratory, ‘Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide’, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021, https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/global.html; Ellwanger, J. H., et al., ‘Beyond diversity loss and climate change: impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health’, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92, 2020: Article 20191375, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020191375. -
supérieures à 35 °C pendant plus de 150 jours par an
Groupe d’experts intergouvernemental sur l’évolution du climat, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, éd. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, in press), doi: 10.1017/9781009157896.001.étroitement lié à la construction de routes
National Institute of Space Research, TerraBrasilis, http://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/app/map/deforestation; Beer et al., ‘Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate’; Bullock et al., ‘Satellite‐based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon’.les précipitations risquent de diminuer de 40 %
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’; Leite-Filho, A. T., et al., ‘Effects of deforestation on the onset of the rainy season and the duration of dry spells in Southern Amazonia’, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 124, 2019: 5268–81, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029537.nouvelle hausse de la mortalité des arbres et des rejets de carbone
Malhi et al., ‘Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests’.2,5 milliards d’arbres sont morts
Science Panel for the Amazon, Executive Summary of the Amazon Assessment Report 2021, ed. C. Nobre et al., Réseau des solutions pour le développement durable (Nations unies), https://www.theamazonwewant.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/220717-SPA-Executive-Summary-2021-EN.pdf.une prolifération d’herbes et de plantes ligneuses
Nobre, C. A., et al., ‘Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change’, Journal of Climate, 4 (10), 1991: 957–88, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1991)004<0957:ADARCC>2.0.CO;2.en décalant sa feuillaison saisonnière
Camargo, M. G. G. de, et al., ‘Leafing patterns and leaf exchange strategies of a cerrado woody community’, Biotropica, 50 (3), 2018: 442–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12552; Cammelli, F., et al., ‘Smallholders’ perceptions of fire in the Brazilian Amazon: exploring implications for governance arrangements’, Human Ecology, 47 (4), 2019: 601–12, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00096-6.nouvelles stratégies de repousse après les incendies
Pilon, N. A. L., et al., ‘The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer’, Journal of Ecology, 109 (1), 2021: 154–66, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13456.quand la déforestation aura décimé 40 % de la superficie
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’; Sampaio, G., et al., ‘Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion’, Geophysical Research Letters, 34 (17), 2007: Article L17709, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030612.pas exclu que 60 % de la forêt amazonienne disparaisse avant 2050
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’. -
une « barrière verte » contre la propagation des maladies infectieuses
Global Monitoring Laboratory, ‘Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide’; Ellwanger et al., ‘Beyond diversity loss and climate change’; Flores, B. M., and Levis, C., ‘Human-food feedback in tropical forests’, Science, 372 (6547), 2021: 1146–7, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abh1806;
Sokolow, S. H., Nova, N., Pepin, K. M., Peel, A. J., Pulliam, J. R. C., Manlove, K., Cross, P. C., Becker, D. J., Plowright, R. K., McCallum, H., & de Leo, G. A. (2019), ‘Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover’, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374(1782). https://doi.org/10.1098/RSTB.2018.0342impacts dévastateurs sur la biodiversité
Laurindo, R. S., et al., ‘The effects of habitat loss on bat-fruit networks’, Biodiversity and Conservation, 28 (3), 2019: 589–601, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1676-x.surtout dans les zones déboisées
Leite-Filho et al., ‘Effects of deforestation’.le mercure a grimpé de 2 °C à 3 °C
Gatti et al., ‘Amazonia as a carbon source’.une réduction notable de l’évapotranspiration
Barkhordarian, A., et al., ‘A recent systematic increase in vapor pressure deficit over tropical South America’, Science Reports, 9, 2019: Article 15331, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51857-8.émettre plus de carbone qu’elles n’en stockent
Gatti et al., ‘Amazonia as a carbon source’.cessera d’être un puits de carbone pour devenir une source de CO2
Ibid.une savane dégradée
Nobre et al., ‘Land-use and climate change risks’.menaçant directement la survie des populations
Alves de Oliveira, B. F., et al., ‘Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon’, Communications Earth and Environment, 2, 2021: Article 207, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00275-8.