Todas las fuentes en línea se consultaron el
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se acumulan en la atmósfera
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, ed. J. T. Houghton et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar1/wg1/; Stubbins, A., et al., ‘Plastics in the Earth system’, Science, 373 (6550), 2021: 51–5, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0354.y el océano
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of WGI to the Second Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. J. T. Houghton et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar2/wg1/.entre el 15 y el 40 por ciento de los residuos plásticos mal gestionados
Jambeck, J. R., et al., ‘Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean’, Science, 347 (6223), 2015: 768–71, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352.Un muestreo repetido en playas y mar abierto
Galgani, F., et al., ‘Are litter, plastic and microplastic quantities increasing in the ocean?’, Microplastics Nanoplastics, 1, 2021: artículo 2, https://doi.org/10.1186/s43591-020-00002-8.basta un cálculo simple para ver
Eriksen, M., et al., ‘Plastic pollution in the South Pacific subtropical gyre’, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 68 (1–2), 2013: 71–6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.12.021.En los últimos años, estos minúsculos plásticos se han hallado
Peng, X., et al., ‘Microplastics contaminate the deepest part of the world’s ocean’, Geochemical Perspectives Letters, 9, 2018: 1–5, https://doi.org/10.7185/geochemlet.1829.en sedimentos oceánicos a lo largo de la plataforma continental
Filgueiras, A. V., et al., ‘Microplastic distribution in surface sediments along the Spanish Mediterranean continental shelf’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26 (21), 2019: 21264–73, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-05341-5.justo por debajo de la superficie del océano, donde la luz no penetra
Choy, C. A., et al., ‘The vertical distribution and biological transport of marine microplastics across the Epipelagic and Mesopelagic water column’, Scientific Reports, 9, 2019: artículo 7843, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44117-2; Pabortsava, K., and Lampitt, R. S., ‘High concentrations of plastic hidden beneath the surface of the Atlantic Ocean’, Nature Communications, 11, 2020: artículo 4073, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17932-9.altas concentraciones de partículas en los alrededores del océano Ártico
Ross, P. S., et al., ‘Pervasive distribution of polyester fibres in the Arctic Ocean is driven by Atlantic inputs’, Nature Communications, 12, 2021: Article 106, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20347-1. -
las patas enredadas en fibras de microplásticos
Kang, J. H., et al., ‘Can zooplankton be entangled by microfibers in the marine environment? Laboratory studies’, Water, 12 (12), 2020: artículo 3302, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12123302.Y alimentándose de micropartículas
Cole, M., et al., ‘The impact of polystyrene microplastics on feeding, function and fecundity in the marine copepod Calanus helgolandicus’, Environmental Science and Technology, 49 (2), 2015: 1130–37, https://doi.org/10.1021/es504525u.cubiertos de bacterias patógenas y toxinas
Galloway, T. S., et al., ‘Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem’, Nature Ecology and Evolution, 1 (5), 2017: artículo 0116, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0116,aún no está claro si su efecto neto calienta o enfría
Revell, L. E., et al., ‘Direct radiative effects of airborne microplastics’, Nature, 598 (7881), 2021: 462–7, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03864-x.una fuente importante de microplásticos atmosféricos
Allen, S., et al., ‘Examination of the ocean as a source for atmospheric microplastics’, PLOS One, 15 (5), 2020: artículo e0232746, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232746.en potencia tan perjudiciales […] como el calentamiento global
Kvale, K., et al., ‘Zooplankton grazing of microplastic can accelerate global loss of ocean oxygen’, Nature Communications, 12, 2021: artículo 2358, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22554-w.puede influir de manera desproporcionada en las funciones planetarias
Zhu, X., ‘The plastic cycle – an unknown branch of the carbon cycle’, Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 2021: artículo 609243, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.609243que el problema […] vaya a agravarse
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421521002883tanto permeables como incapaces de reciclar
Jambeck, J. R., et al., ‘Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean’, Science, 347 (6223), 2015: 768–71, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352.el fenómeno de lo «supuestamente reciclable»
Albeck-Ripka, L., ‘6 things you’re recycling wrong’, New York Times, 29 May 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/29/climate/recycling-wrong-mistakes.html.falta de rendición de cuentas en los sistemas multinacionales de exportación de residuos
McCormick, E., et al., ‘Where does your plastic go? Global investigation reveals America’s dirty secret’, Guardian, 7 de junio de 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jun/17/recycled-plastic-america-global-crisis.