Segunda Parte / Cómo Está Cambiando Nuestro Planeta

2.2 Calor

Todas las fuentes en línea se consultaron el

  1. y produjo más de setenta mil muertes prematuras Robine, J-M., et al., ‘Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003’, Comptes rendus biologies, 331 (2), 2008: 171–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2007.12.001.

    duplicaba el riesgo de que se produjese esa ola de calor Stott, P., et al., ‘Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003’, Nature, 432 (7017), 2004: 610–14, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03089.

    hizo que la ola de calor fuera ciento cincuenta veces más probable Philip, S. Y., et al., ‘Western North American extreme heat virtually impossible without human-caused climate change’, World Weather Attribution 7 de julio de 2021, https://www.worldweatherattribution.org/western-north-american-extreme-heat-virtually-impossible-without-human-caused-climate-change/.

  2. Ese sistema de elevadas presiones, denominado también «cúpula de calor» Berardelli, J., ‘What is a heat dome? Extreme temperatures in the Pacific Northwest, explained’, CBS News, 30 de junio de 2021, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/what-is-heat-dome-extreme-temperatures-pacific-northwest/.

    Los extremos de temperaturas altas ya son más comunes Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. T. F. Stocker et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/.

    Un niño nacido en 2020 Thiery, W., et al., ‘Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes’, Science, 374 (6564), 2021, 158–60, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7339.

    Y por cada medio grado más de calentamiento global Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ‘Summary for policymakers’, in Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/.

    ocho de las diez olas de calor marinas más extremas Smith, K. E., et al., ‘Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: global issues and opportunities’, Science, 374 (6566), 2021, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj3593.

    matan miles de millones de crustáceos y otros organismos marinos Shivaram, D., ‘Heatwave killed an estimated 1 billion sea creatures, and scientists fear even worse’, NPR, 9 de julio de 2021, https://www.npr.org/2021/07/09/1014564664/billion-sea-creatures-mussels-dead-canada-british-columbia-vancouver.

    Puede llevar a mortandades en masa Crowe, M., ‘Mass bird death event in Seattle attributed to record heat Monday’, King 5, 29 de junio de 2021, https://wa.audubon.org/news/mortality-event-west-seattle-caspian-tern-colony.

    oleadas de incendios, como los de Australia en 2020 WWF Australia, ‘New WWF report: 3 billion animals impacted by Australia’s bushfire crisis’, 28 de julio de 2020, https://www.wwf.org.au/news/news/2020/3-billion-animals-impacted-by-australia-bushfire-crisis.

    a la extinción a un tercio de las especies Thomas, C. D., et al., ‘Extinction risk from climate change’, Nature, 427 (6970), 2004: 145–8, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02121.

    enfermedades relacionadas con el calor o incluso el de morir US Global Change Research Program, The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment, 2016, https://health2016.globalchange.gov.

    influye en nuestra salud mental American Psychiatric Association, ‘Extreme heat contributes to worsening mental health, especially among vulnerable populations’, 30 de junio de 2021, https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/extreme-heat-contributes-to-worsening-mental-health-especially-among-vulnerable-populations.

    el riesgo de violencia interpersonal Anderson, C. A., ‘Temperature and aggression: ubiquitous effects of heat on the occurrence of human violence’, Psychological Bulletin, 106 (1), 1989: 74–96, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.106.1.74.

    inestabilidad política National Intelligence Council, National Intelligence Estimate: Climate Change and International Responses Increasing Challenges to US National Security through 2040, October 2021, https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/NIE_Climate_Change_and_National_Security.pdf.