Part Two / How our Planet is Changing

2.12 Acidification and Marine Ecosystems

All online sources accessed on

  1. The ocean has absorbed 20 to 30 per cent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ‘Summary for policymakers’, in IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, ed. H.-O. Pörtner et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022), https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157964.001.

    reduced calcification … or the destabilization of carbon-based ecosystems Hoegh-Guldberg, O., et al., ‘Impacts of 1.5°C global warming on natural and human systems’, in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/chapter-3/.