Part One / How Climate Works

1.5 The science is as solid as it gets

All online sources accessed on

  1. since the rise of human civilization
    https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2015.18287

    wiped out more than two thirds of the wildlife
    https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/humans-destroyed-83-of-wildlife-report/
    https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1711842115

    filled the oceans with plastics
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/20/by-2050-there-will-be-more-plastic-than-fish-in-the-worlds-oceans-study-says/

    Around 90 per cent of … our entire carbon budget Friedlingstein, P., et al., ‘Global carbon budget 2020’,Earth System Science Data, 12 (4), 2020: 3269–340, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020.

    a 67 per cent chance of staying below 1.5°C IPCC AR6, ‘2021: Summary for Policymakers’, in: Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 3−32, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.001. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/.

    major oil companies … have known about the consequences Supran, G., and Oreskes, N., ‘Assessing ExxonMobil’s climate change communications (1977–2014)’, Environmental Research Letters, 12 (8), 2017: Article 084019, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f; Supran, G., and Oreskes, N., ‘Rhetoric and frame analysis of ExxonMobil’s climate change communications’,One Earth, 4 (5), 2021: 696–719, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.014

    over 50 per cent of all the anthropogenic (human-caused) carbon dioxide Our World in Data, ‘Cumulative CO2 emissions by world region, 1751–2021’,
    ourworldindata.org/grapher/cumulative-co2-emissions-region