{"id":997,"date":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notas-finais\/como-o-planeta-esta-a-mudar\/2-17-a-amazonia\/"},"modified":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","slug":"2-17-a-amazonia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/notas-finais\/como-o-planeta-esta-a-mudar\/2-17-a-amazonia\/","title":{"rendered":"2.17 A Amaz\u00f3nia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Carlos Nobre<\/a>, Julia Arieira<\/a> e Nath\u00e1lia Nascimento<\/a><\/p>\n

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

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  1. \n

    16% do di\u00f3xido de carbono retirado <\/q> Beer, C., et al<\/em>., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 329 (5993), 2010: 834\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184984<\/a>; Bullock, E. L., et al<\/em>., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 26 (5), 2020: 2956\u201369, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.15029<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    ajudando a armazenar 150 a 200 mil milh\u00f5es de toneladas de carbono<\/q> Saatchi, S. S., et al<\/em>., \u2018Distribution of above-ground live biomass in the Amazon basin\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 13 (4), 2007: 816\u201337, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2007.01323.x<\/a>; Malhi, Y., et al<\/em>., \u2018Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 15 (5), 2009: 1255\u201374, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x<\/a>; Oliveira Marques, J. D. de, et al<\/em>., \u2018Soil carbon stocks under Amazonian forest: distribution in the soil fractions and vulnerability to emission\u2019<\/cite>, Open Journal of Forestry<\/span>, 7 (2), 2017: 121\u201342, doi: 10.4236\/ojf.2017.72008.<\/p>\n

    A temperatura na regi\u00e3o aumentou, em m\u00e9dia, 1,02\u00b0C<\/q> Gatti, L. V., et al<\/em>., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 595 (7867), 2021: 388\u201393, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03629-6<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    2019-2020 foi o segundo ano mais quente desde 1960<\/q> Marengo, J. A., et al<\/em>., \u2018Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends\u2019<\/cite>, Frontiers in Earth Science<\/span>, 6, 2018: Article 228, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00228<\/a>; Nobre, C. A., and Borma, L. D. S., \u2018\u201cTipping points\u201d for the Amazon forest\u2019<\/cite>, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability<\/span>, 1 (1), 2009: 28\u201336, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosust.2009.07.003<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    A variabilidade clim\u00e1tica tamb\u00e9m aumentou\u2026 per\u00edodos de seca e das ondas de calor<\/q> Nobre, C. A., et al<\/em>., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 113 (39), 2016: 10759\u201368, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1605516113<\/a>; Marengo et al<\/em>., \u2018Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends\u2019<\/cite>; Nobre and Borma, \u2018\u201cTipping points\u201d for the Amazon forest\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o atual \u00e9 de 414 ppm<\/q> Global Monitoring Laboratory, \u2018Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide\u2019<\/cite>, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021, https:\/\/gml.noaa.gov\/ccgg\/trends\/global.html<\/a>; Ellwanger, J. H., et al<\/em>., \u2018Beyond diversity loss and climate change: impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health\u2019<\/cite>, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias<\/span>, 92, 2020: Article 20191375, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0001-3765202020191375<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    mais de 150 dias\u2026 acima de 35\u00b0C por ano<\/q> Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas<\/span>, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al<\/em>. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, no prelo), doi: 10.1017\/9781009157896.001. <\/cite><\/p>\n

    intimamente ligado \u00e0 constru\u00e7\u00e3o de estradas<\/q> National Institute of Space Research, TerraBrasilis, http:\/\/terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br\/app\/map\/deforestation<\/a>; Beer et al<\/em>., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019<\/cite>; Bullock et al<\/em>., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o de pluviosidade da ordem dos 40%<\/q> Nobre et al<\/em>., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>; Leite-Filho, A. T., et al<\/em>., \u2018Effects of deforestation on the onset of the rainy season and the duration of dry spells in Southern Amazonia\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres<\/span>, 124, 2019: 5268\u201381, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018JD029537<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    um acr\u00e9scimo ainda mais grave da mortalidade das \u00e1rvores e das emiss\u00f5es de carbono<\/q> Malhi et al<\/em>., \u2018Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    causou a morte de 2,5 mil milh\u00f5es de \u00e1rvores<\/q> Science Panel for the Amazon, Executive Summary of the Amazon Assessment Report 2021<\/span><\/cite>, ed. C. Nobre et al<\/em>., United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2001, https:\/\/www.theamazonwewant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/220717-SPA-Executive-Summary-2021-EN.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o de gram\u00edneas e plantas lenhosas<\/q> Nobre, C. A., et al<\/em>., \u2018Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Climate<\/span>, 4 (10), 1991: 957\u201388, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0442(1991)004<0957:ADARCC>2.0.CO;2<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    altered seasonal leaf flushing<\/q> Camargo, M. G. G. de, et al<\/em>., \u2018Leafing patterns and leaf exchange strategies of a cerrado woody community\u2019<\/cite>, Biotropica<\/span>, 50 (3), 2018: 442\u201354, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/btp.12552<\/a>; Cammelli, F., et al<\/em>., \u2018Smallholders\u2019 perceptions of fire in the Brazilian Amazon: exploring implications for governance arrangements\u2019<\/cite>, Human Ecology<\/span>, 47 (4), 2019: 601\u201312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10745-019-00096-6<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    novas estrat\u00e9gias de regenera\u00e7\u00e3o p\u00f3s-fogo<\/q> Pilon, N. A. L., et al<\/em>., \u2018The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Ecology<\/span>, 109 (1), 2021: 154\u201366, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2745.13456<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    quando a desfloresta\u00e7\u00e3o afetar 40%<\/q> Nobre et al<\/em>., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>; Sampaio, G., et al<\/em>., \u2018Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion\u2019<\/cite>, Geophysical Research Letters<\/span>, 34 (17), 2007: Article L17709, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007GL030612<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    at\u00e9 60% da floresta amaz\u00f3nica venha a desaparecer at\u00e9 2050<\/q> Nobre et al<\/em>., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    uma \u201cbarreira verde\u201d para nos proteger da propaga\u00e7\u00e3o de doen\u00e7as infecciosas<\/q> Global Monitoring Laboratory, \u2018Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide\u2019<\/cite>; Ellwanger et al<\/em>., \u2018Beyond diversity loss and climate change\u2019<\/cite>; Flores, B. M., and Levis, C., \u2018Human-food feedback in tropical forests\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 372 (6547), 2021: 1146\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abh1806<\/a>;
    \n\tSokolow, S. H., Nova, N., Pepin, K. M., Peel, A. J., Pulliam, J. R. C., Manlove, K., Cross, P. C., Becker, D. J., Plowright, R. K., McCallum, H., & de Leo, G. A. (2019), \u2018Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover\u2019<\/cite>, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374(1782). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/RSTB.2018.0342<\/p>\n

    impactos devastadores na biodiversidade<\/q> Laurindo, R. S., et al<\/em>., \u2018The effects of habitat loss on bat-fruit networks\u2019<\/cite>, Biodiversity and Conservation<\/span>, 28 (3), 2019: 589\u2013601, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10531-018-1676-x<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    sobretudo em \u00e1reas desflorestadas<\/q> Leite-Filho et al<\/em>., \u2018Effects of deforestation\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    um aumento da temperatura de 2 a 3\u00b0C<\/q> Gatti et al<\/em>., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o acentuada da evapotranspira\u00e7\u00e3o<\/q> Barkhordarian, A., et al<\/em>., \u2018A recent systematic increase in vapor pressure deficit over tropical South America\u2019<\/cite>, Science Reports<\/span>, 9, 2019: Article 15331, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51857-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    emit more carbon than they were storing<\/q> Gatti et al<\/em>., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    deixar\u00e1 de ser um sorvedouro para se tornar uma fonte de carbono<\/q> Ibid.<\/p>\n

    transformar-se numa savana degradada<\/q> Nobre et al<\/em>., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    representando uma amea\u00e7a mortal direta<\/q> Alves de Oliveira, B. F., et al<\/em>., \u2018Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon\u2019<\/cite>, Communications Earth and Environment<\/span>, 2, 2021: Article 207, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43247-021-00275-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Carlos Nobre, Julia Arieira e Nath\u00e1lia Nascimento Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia 30 de Setembro de 2021 16% do di\u00f3xido de carbono retirado Beer, C., et al., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019, Science, 329 (5993), 2010: 834\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184984; Bullock, E. L., et al., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates reveal…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":981,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-997","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/997","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=997"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/997\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}