{"id":993,"date":"2022-08-24T16:57:28","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T16:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notas-finais\/como-o-planeta-esta-a-mudar\/2-13-os-microplasticos\/"},"modified":"2022-08-24T16:57:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T16:57:28","slug":"2-13-os-microplasticos","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/notas-finais\/como-o-planeta-esta-a-mudar\/2-13-os-microplasticos\/","title":{"rendered":"2.13 Os Micropl\u00e1sticos"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Karin Kvale<\/a><\/p>\n

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

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  1. \n

    est\u00e3o a acumular-se na atmosfera<\/q> Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas, Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment<\/span><\/cite>, ed. J. T. Houghton et al<\/em>. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar1\/wg1\/<\/a>; Stubbins, A., et al<\/em>., \u2018Plastics in the Earth system\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 373 (6550), 2021: 51\u20135, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abb0354<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    est\u00e3o a acumular-se\u2026 nos oceanos<\/q> Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas, Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of WGI to the Second Assessment Reports of the Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas<\/span><\/cite>, ed. J. T. Houghton et al<\/em>. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar2\/wg1\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    15 a 40% dos res\u00edduos pl\u00e1sticos mal geridos<\/q> Jambeck, J. R., et al<\/em>., \u2018Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 347 (6223), 2015: 768\u201371, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1260352<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    sucessivas amostragens realizadas nas praias e em alto-mar<\/q> Galgani, F., et al<\/em>., \u2018Are litter, plastic and microplastic quantities increasing in the ocean?\u2019<\/cite>, Microplastics Nanoplastics<\/span>, 1, 2021: Article 2, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43591-020-00002-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    de acordo com c\u00e1lculos simples<\/q> Eriksen, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018Plastic pollution in the South Pacific subtropical gyre\u2019<\/cite>, Marine Pollution Bulletin<\/span>, 68 (1\u20132), 2013: 71\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.12.021<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Nos \u00faltimos anos, estes pl\u00e1sticos de pequena dimens\u00e3o t\u00eam sido encontrados<\/q> Peng, X., et al<\/em>., \u2018Microplastics contaminate the deepest part of the world\u2019s ocean\u2019<\/cite>, Geochemical Perspectives Letters<\/span>, 9, 2018: 1\u20135, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7185\/geochemlet.1829<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    em sedimentos n\u00e3o costeiros ao longo da plataforma continental<\/q> Filgueiras, A. V., et al<\/em>., \u2018Microplastic distribution in surface sediments along the Spanish Mediterranean continental shelf\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/span>, 26 (21), 2019: 21264\u201373, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11356-019-05341-5<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    logo abaixo da superf\u00edcie do mar, onde a luz n\u00e3o penetra<\/q> Choy, C. A., et al<\/em>., \u2018The vertical distribution and biological transport of marine microplastics across the Epipelagic and Mesopelagic water column\u2019<\/cite>, Scientific Reports<\/span>, 9, 2019: Article 7843, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-44117-2<\/a>; Pabortsava, K., and Lampitt, R. S., \u2018High concentrations of plastic hidden beneath the surface of the Atlantic Ocean\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Communications<\/span>, 11, 2020: Article 4073, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-17932-9<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    high concentrations around the Arctic Ocean<\/q> Ross, P. S., et al<\/em>., \u2018Pervasive distribution of polyester fibres in the Arctic Ocean is driven by Atlantic inputs\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Communications<\/span>, 12, 2021: Article 106, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-020-20347-1<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    as patas enredadas em fibras micropl\u00e1sticas<\/q> Kang, J. H., et al<\/em>., \u2018Can zooplankton be entangled by microfibers in the marine environment? Laboratory studies\u2019<\/cite>, Water<\/span>, 12 (12), 2020: Article 3302, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/w12123302<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    o est\u00f4mago repleto de microesferas<\/q> Cole, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018The impact of polystyrene microplastics on feeding, function and fecundity in the marine copepod Calanus helgolandicus\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Science and Technology<\/span>, 49 (2), 2015: 1130\u201337, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es504525u<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    revestidos de bact\u00e9rias e toxinas patog\u00e9nicas<\/q> Galloway, T. S., et al<\/em>., \u2018Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Ecology and Evolution<\/span>, 1 (5), 2017: Article 0116, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-017-0116<\/a>,<\/p>\n

    ainda n\u00e3o se sabe se o efeito l\u00edquido est\u00e1 a contribuir para o aquecimento ou o arrefecimento<\/q> Revell, L. E., et al<\/em>., \u2018Direct radiative effects of airborne microplastics\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 598 (7881), 2021: 462\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03864-x<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    uma fonte significativa de micropl\u00e1stico atmosf\u00e9rico<\/q> Allen, S., et al<\/em>., \u2018Examination of the ocean as a source for atmospheric microplastics\u2019<\/cite>, PLOS One<\/span>, 15 (5), 2020: Article e0232746, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0232746<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    podem ser t\u00e3o prejudiciais\u2026 como para o aquecimento global<\/q> Kvale, K., et al<\/em>., \u2018Zooplankton grazing of microplastic can accelerate global loss of ocean oxygen\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Communications<\/span>, 12, 2021: Article 2358, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-22554-w<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    uma influ\u00eancia desproporcional no funcionamento planet\u00e1rio<\/q> Zhu, X., \u2018The plastic cycle \u2013 an unknown branch of the carbon cycle\u2019<\/cite>, Frontiers in Marine Science<\/span>, 7, 2021: Article 609243, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmars.2020.609243<\/a><\/p>\n

    O problema\u2026 parece intensificar-se<\/q> https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0301421521002883<\/a><\/p>\n

    perme\u00e1veis e a n\u00e3o ter capacidade para reciclar<\/q> Jambeck, J. R., et al<\/em>., \u2018Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 347 (6223), 2015: 768\u201371, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1260352<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    o fen\u00f3meno da \u201creciclagem aspiracional\u201d<\/q> Albeck-Ripka, L., \u20186 things you\u2019re recycling wrong\u2019<\/cite>, New York Times<\/span>, 29 de Maio de 2018, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/05\/29\/climate\/recycling-wrong-mistakes.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    a aus\u00eancia de responsabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o nos sistemas multinacionais de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de res\u00edduos<\/q> McCormick, E., et al<\/em>., \u2018Where does your plastic go? Global investigation reveals America\u2019s dirty secret\u2019<\/cite>, Guardian<\/span>, 7 de Junho de 2019, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2019\/jun\/17\/recycled-plastic-america-global-crisis<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Karin Kvale Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia 6 de Novembro de 2021 est\u00e3o a acumular-se na atmosfera Painel Intergovernamental sobre as Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas, Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assessment, ed. J. T. Houghton et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar1\/wg1\/; Stubbins, A., et al., \u2018Plastics in the Earth system\u2019, Science, 373…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":981,"menu_order":13,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-993","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/993\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/981"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}