{"id":1035,"date":"2022-09-08T14:11:23","date_gmt":"2022-09-08T14:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notas-finais\/que-medidas-tomamos\/4-12-a-questao-das-calorias\/"},"modified":"2022-09-08T14:11:23","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T14:11:23","slug":"4-12-a-questao-das-calorias","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/notas-finais\/que-medidas-tomamos\/4-12-a-questao-das-calorias\/","title":{"rendered":"4.12 A Quest\u00e3o das Calorias"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Michael Clark<\/a><\/p>\n

Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia

    \n
  1. \n

    \nProduzem 30% das emiss\u00f5es de gases com efeito de estufa<\/q> Crippa, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Food<\/span>, 2 (3), 2021: 198\u2013209, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43016-021-00225-9<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nocupam 40% da superf\u00edcie terrestre<\/q> Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, \u2018Food and agriculture data\u2019<\/cite>, FAOSTAT, 2019, https:\/\/www.fao.org\/faostat\/en\/#data\/RL<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nesgotam, pelo menos, 70% da \u00e1gua pot\u00e1vel da Terra<\/q> Molden, D., ed., Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture<\/span><\/cite> (London and Colombo: Earthscan and the International Water Management Institute, 2007).\n<\/p>\n

    \na principal fonte da perda de biodiversidade e da polui\u00e7\u00e3o por subst\u00e2ncias nutrientes<\/q> Tilman D., et al<\/em>., \u2018Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 546 (7656), 2017: 73\u201381, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature22900<\/a>; Vitousek, P. M., et al<\/em>., \u2018Human domination of Earth\u2019s ecosystems\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 277 (5325), 1997: 494\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.277.5325.494<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \na principal causa\u2026 de m\u00e1 sa\u00fade e m\u00e1 nutri\u00e7\u00e3o<\/q> Afshin, A., et al<\/em>., \u2018Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017\u2019<\/cite>, Lancet<\/span>, 393 (10184), 2019: 1958\u201372, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8<\/a>; Domingo, N. G. G., et al<\/em>., \u2018Air quality-related health damages of food\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 118 (20), 2021: Article e2013637118, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2013637118<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nO impacto ambiental de cada alimento varia bastante<\/q> Poore, J., and Nemecek, T., \u2018Reducing food\u2019s environmental impacts through producers and consumers\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 360 (6392), 2018: 987\u201392, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaq0216<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \ndados recolhidos em quase 40 mil quintas<\/q> Ibid.\n<\/p>\n

    \nAs dietas\u2026 transi\u00e7\u00e3o para uma maior quantidade total de alimentos<\/q> Tilman, D., et al<\/em>., \u2018Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 108 (50), 2011: 20260\u201364, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1116437108<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \no consumo m\u00e9dio di\u00e1rio por pessoa aumentou<\/q> Clark, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018The role of healthy diets in environmentally sustainable food systems\u2019<\/cite>, Food Nutrition Bulletin<\/span>, 41 (2) supplement, 2020: S31\u2013S58, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F0379572120953734<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nOs pa\u00edses ricos s\u00e3o os principais respons\u00e1veis<\/q> Springmann, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 562 (7728), 2018: 519\u201325, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0594-0<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \nos sistemas alimentares ultrapassar\u00e3o os objetivos de sustentabilidade ambiental<\/q> Ibid.; Clark, M. A., et al<\/em>., \u2018Global food system emissions could preclude achieving the 1.5\u00b0C and 2\u00b0C climate change targets\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 370 (6517), 2020: 705\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aba7357<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nultrapassaremos 1,5\u00b0C de aquecimento<\/q> Clark et al<\/em>., \u2018Global food system emissions\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nA terra adicional necess\u00e1ria para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o futura de alimentos<\/q> Williams, D. R., et al<\/em>., \u2018Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Sustainability<\/span>, 4 (4), 2021: 314\u201322, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41893-020-00656-5<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \numa dieta mais \u00e0 base de vegetais reduziria em 50 a 70%<\/q> Springmann et al<\/em>., \u2018Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits\u2019<\/cite>; Clark et al<\/em>., \u2018Global food system emissions\u2019<\/cite>; Willett, W., et al<\/em>., \u2018Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT\u2013Lancet commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems\u2019<\/cite>, Lancet<\/span>, 393 (10170), 2019: 447\u201392, https:\/\/doi:10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31788-4<\/a>; Tilman, D., and Clark, M., \u2018Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span> 515, (7528), 2014: 518\u201322, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13959<\/a>; Springmann, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 113 (15), 2016: 4146\u201351, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1523119113<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \nbeneficiando tamb\u00e9m outros aspetos do meio ambiente<\/q> Springmann et al<\/em>., \u2018Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n

    \num ter\u00e7o dos alimentos produzidos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o consumidos<\/q> Gustavsson, J., et al<\/em>., Global Food Losses and Food Waste: Extent, Causes and Prevention<\/span><\/cite>, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011, https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/mb060e\/mb060e00.htm<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \npouco prov\u00e1vel que seja poss\u00edvel alcan\u00e7ar o objetivo clim\u00e1tico de 1,5\u00b0C<\/q> Springmann et al<\/em>., \u2018Options for keeping the food system within environmental limits\u2019<\/cite>; Clark, M. A., et al<\/em>., \u2018Global food system emissions\u2019<\/cite>; Lecl\u00e8re, D., et al<\/em>., \u2018Bending the curve of terrestrial biodiversity needs an integrated strategy\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 585 (7826), 2020: 551\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2705-y<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nMuitos dos alimentos mais sustent\u00e1veis do ponto de vista ambiental s\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m os mais saud\u00e1veis<\/q> Clark, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018Multiple health and environmental impacts of foods\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Sciences<\/span>, 116 (46), 2019: 23357\u201362, https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/116\/46\/23357<\/a>; van Dooren, C., et al<\/em>., \u2018Proposing a novel index reflecting both climate impact and nutritional impact of food products\u2019<\/cite>, Ecological Economics<\/span>, 131, 2017: 389\u201398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2016.08.029<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nreduziriam 10% da taxa mundial de mortalidade prematura<\/q> Springmann, M., et al<\/em>., \u2018Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: a global modelling analysis with country-level detail\u2019<\/cite>, Lancet Planetary Health<\/span>, 2 (10), 2018: e451\u2013e461, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30206-7<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Michael Clark Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia 4 de Mar\u00e7o de 2022 Produzem 30% das emiss\u00f5es de gases com efeito de estufa Crippa, M., et al., \u2018Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions\u2019, Nature Food, 2 (3), 2021: 198\u2013209, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43016-021-00225-9. ocupam 40% da superf\u00edcie terrestre Food and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":1022,"menu_order":12,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1035","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1035"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1035\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}