{"id":1032,"date":"2022-09-07T15:53:39","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T15:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notas-finais\/que-medidas-tomamos\/4-9-as-tecnologias-de-remocao\/"},"modified":"2022-09-07T15:53:39","modified_gmt":"2022-09-07T15:53:39","slug":"4-9-as-tecnologias-de-remocao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/notas-finais\/que-medidas-tomamos\/4-9-as-tecnologias-de-remocao\/","title":{"rendered":"4.9 As Tecnologias de Remo\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"notes\">\n<p class=\"author\"><a href=\"\/contributors#rob-jackson\" rel=\"author\">Rob Jackson<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"date\">Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia <time datetime=\"2022-03-01\">1 de Mar\u00e7o de 2022<\/time><\/p>\n<ol start=\"235\">\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>as emiss\u00f5es anuais globais de di\u00f3xido de carbono f\u00f3ssil aumentaram 60%<\/q> Friedlingstein, P., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Global carbon budget 2021\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Earth System Science Data<\/span>, 14 (4), 2022: 1917\u20132005, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-14-1917-2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-14-1917-2022<\/a>; Jackson, R. B., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Persistent fossil fuel growth threatens the Paris Agreement and planetary health\u2019<\/cite>,<span class=\"book\">Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 14 (12), 2019: Article 121001, <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab57b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab57b3<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>se consegu\u00edssemos manter as emiss\u00f5es globais cumulativas abaixo de 750 mil milh\u00f5es de toneladas<\/q> Fuss, S., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Moving toward net-zero emissions requires new alliances for carbon dioxide removal\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">One Earth<\/span>, 3 (2), 2020: 145\u20139, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oneear.2020.08.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oneear.2020.08.002<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>existem apenas cerca de trinta centrais de capta\u00e7\u00e3o e armazenamento de carbono (CAC)<\/q> Vinte e sete centrais em funcionamento em 2021, e mais quatro em constru\u00e7\u00e3o: Turan, G., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite><span class=\"book\">Global Status of CCS 2021: CCS Accelerating to Net Zero<\/span><\/cite>, Global CCS Institute, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/resources\/global-status-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/resources\/global-status-report\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>Se todas essas centrais que utilizam combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis funcionarem at\u00e9 ao fim do seu tempo de vida<\/q> Tong, D., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Committed emissions from existing energy infrastructure jeopardize 1.5\u00b0C climate target\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Nature<\/span>, 572 (7769), 2019: 373\u201377, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1364-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1364-3<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>Atividades agr\u00edcolas como a lavoura<\/q> Sanderman, J., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 114 (36), 2017: 9575\u201380, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1706103114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1706103114<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>um ter\u00e7o da mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o clim\u00e1tica necess\u00e1ria at\u00e9 2030<\/q> Griscom, B. W., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Natural climate solutions\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 114 (44), 2017: 11645\u201350, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1710465114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1710465114<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>35 a 40 milhares de milh\u00f5es de toneladas de polui\u00e7\u00e3o provocada todos os anos pelo carbono f\u00f3ssil<\/q> Friedlingstein, P., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Global carbon budget 2020\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Earth Systems Science Data<\/span>, 12 (4), 2020: 3269\u20133340, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-3269-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-3269-2020<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>Plantas, rochas e qu\u00edmicos industriais podem ser usados para remover  CO<sub>2<\/sub><\/q> Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, <cite><span class=\"book\">Greenhouse Gas Removal<\/span><\/cite>, de Setembro de 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/policy\/projects\/greenhouse-gas-removal\/royal-society-greenhouse-gas-removal-report-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/policy\/projects\/greenhouse-gas-removal\/royal-society-greenhouse-gas-removal-report-2018.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>De todas as tecnologias\u2026 de emiss\u00f5es negativas, a BECCS \u00e9<\/q> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, <cite><span class=\"book\">Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda <\/span><\/cite> (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2019), <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/25259\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/25259<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>Em 2019, estas f\u00e1bricas estavam a remover cerca de 1,5 milh\u00f5es de<\/q> FPara uma lista das BECCS em funcionamento em 2019, ver Consoli, C., <cite><span class=\"book\">Bioenergy and Carbon Capture and Storage: 2019 Perspective<\/span><\/cite>, Global CCS Institute, 2019, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BECCS-Perspective_FINAL_18-de Mar\u00e7o de.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BECCS-Perspective_FINAL_18-de Mar\u00e7o de.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>cerca de 3,5 a 5,2 milhares de milh\u00f5es de toneladas de di\u00f3xido de carbono removido por ano<\/q> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, <cite><span class=\"book\">Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration<\/span><\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>Outra tecnologia de remo\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a acelera\u00e7\u00e3o do desgaste<\/q> Beerling, D. J., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Potential for large-scale CO<sub>2<\/sub> removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Nature<\/span>, 583 (7815), 2020: 242\u20138, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2448-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2448-9<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>O intervalo de custo atual da captura direta do ar<\/q> Lebling, K., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Six things to know about direct air capture\u2019<\/cite>, World Resources Institute, 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/direct-air-capture-resource-considerations-and-costs-carbon-removal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/direct-air-capture-resource-considerations-and-costs-carbon-removal<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>Mais de metade das emiss\u00f5es globais de metano<\/q> Saunois, M., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018The global methane budget 2000\u20132017\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Earth System Science Data<\/span>, 12 (3), 2020: 1561\u20131623, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-1561-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-1561-2020<\/a>; Jackson, R. B., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Increasing anthropogenic methane emissions arise equally from agricultural and fossil fuel sources\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 15 (7), 2020: Article 071002, <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab9ed2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab9ed2<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>Se for exequ\u00edvel em grande escala, a remo\u00e7\u00e3o de metano\u2026 ultrapassar um determinado patamar<\/q> Abernethy, S., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Methane removal and the proportional reductions in surface temperature and ozone\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences<\/span>, 379, 2021: 20210104, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2021.0104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2021.0104<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>remo\u00e7\u00e3o de metano\u2026 \u00e9 preciso haver muito mais investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e investimento<\/q> Jackson, R. B., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite>\u2018Atmospheric methane removal: a research agenda\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences<\/span>, 379 (2210), 2021: Article 20200454, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0454\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0454<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>a economia global pode ter uma contra\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 18%<\/q> Guo, J., <em>et al<\/em>., <cite><span class=\"book\">The Economics of Climate Change: No Action Not an Option<\/span><\/cite>, Swiss Re Institute, de Abril de 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.swissre.com\/dam\/jcr:e73ee7c3-7f83-4c17-a2b8-8ef23a8d3312\/swiss-re-institute-expertise-publication-economics-of-climate-change.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.swissre.com\/dam\/jcr:e73ee7c3-7f83-4c17-a2b8-8ef23a8d3312\/swiss-re-institute-expertise-publication-economics-of-climate-change.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rob Jackson Todas as fontes online foram acedidas no dia 1 de Mar\u00e7o de 2022 as emiss\u00f5es anuais globais de di\u00f3xido de carbono f\u00f3ssil aumentaram 60% Friedlingstein, P., et al., \u2018Global carbon budget 2021\u2019, Earth System Science Data, 14 (4), 2022: 1917\u20132005, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-14-1917-2022; Jackson, R. B., et al., \u2018Persistent fossil fuel growth threatens the Paris&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":1022,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1032","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1032"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1032\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/pt-pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}