{"id":733,"date":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notes-de-fin\/la-planete-change-sous-nos-yeux\/2-17-lamazonie\/"},"modified":"2022-11-03T21:07:17","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T21:07:17","slug":"2-17-lamazonie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/notes-de-fin\/la-planete-change-sous-nos-yeux\/2-17-lamazonie\/","title":{"rendered":"2.17 L\u2019Amazonie"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Carlos Nobre<\/a>, Julia Arieira<\/a> et Nath\u00e1lia Nascimento<\/a><\/p>\n

Toutes les sources num\u00e9riques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9es le

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  1. \n

    absorbe [\u2026] 16 % du dioxyde de carbone atmosphe\u0301rique<\/q> Beer, C., et al., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 329 (5993), 2010: 834\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184984<\/a>; Bullock, E. L., et al., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 26 (5), 2020: 2956\u201369, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.15029<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    se\u0301questrer entre 150 et 200 milliards de tonnes de carbone<\/q> Saatchi, S. S., et al., \u2018Distribution of above-ground live biomass in the Amazon basin\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 13 (4), 2007: 816\u201337, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2007.01323.x<\/a>; Malhi, Y., et al., \u2018Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 15 (5), 2009: 1255\u201374, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x<\/a>; Oliveira Marques, J. D. de, et al., \u2018Soil carbon stocks under Amazonian forest: distribution in the soil fractions and vulnerability to emission\u2019<\/cite>, Open Journal of Forestry<\/span>, 7 (2), 2017: 121\u201342, doi: 10.4236\/ojf.2017.72008.<\/p>\n

    La tempe\u0301rature [\u2026] une hausse moyenne de 1,02 \u00b0C<\/q> Gatti, L. V., et al., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 595 (7867), 2021: 388\u201393, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03629-6<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    l\u2019anne\u0301e 2019-2020 a e\u0301te\u0301 la plus chaude depuis 1960<\/q> Marengo, J. A., et al., \u2018Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends\u2019<\/cite>, Frontiers in Earth Science<\/span>, 6, 2018: Article 228, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00228<\/a>; Nobre, C. A., and Borma, L. D. S., \u2018\u201cTipping points\u201d for the Amazon forest\u2019<\/cite>, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability<\/span>, 1 (1), 2009: 28\u201336, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosust.2009.07.003<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    La variabilite\u0301 du climat [\u2026] notamment les se\u0301cheresses et les canicules<\/q> Nobre, C. A., et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 113 (39), 2016: 10759\u201368, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1605516113<\/a>; Marengo et al., \u2018Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends\u2019<\/cite>; Nobre and Borma, \u2018\u00ab Tipping points \u00bb for the Amazon forest\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    414 ppm actuellement<\/q> Global Monitoring Laboratory, \u2018Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide\u2019<\/cite>, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021, https:\/\/gml.noaa.gov\/ccgg\/trends\/global.html<\/a>; Ellwanger, J. H., et al., \u2018Beyond diversity loss and climate change: impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health\u2019<\/cite>, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias<\/span>, 92, 2020: Article 20191375, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0001-3765202020191375<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    supe\u0301rieures a\u0300 35 \u00b0C pendant plus de 150 jours par an<\/q> Groupe d\u2019experts intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/span>, \u00e9d. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, in press), doi: 10.1017\/9781009157896.001. <\/cite><\/p>\n

    e\u0301troitement lie\u0301 a\u0300 la construction de routes<\/q> National Institute of Space Research, TerraBrasilis, http:\/\/terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br\/app\/map\/deforestation<\/a>; Beer et al., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019<\/cite>; Bullock et al., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    les pre\u0301cipitations risquent de diminuer de 40 %<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>; Leite-Filho, A. T., et al., \u2018Effects of deforestation on the onset of the rainy season and the duration of dry spells in Southern Amazonia\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres<\/span>, 124, 2019: 5268\u201381, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018JD029537<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    nouvelle hausse de la mortalite\u0301 des arbres et des rejets de carbone<\/q> Malhi et al., \u2018Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    2,5 milliards d\u2019arbres sont morts<\/q> Science Panel for the Amazon, Executive Summary of the Amazon Assessment Report 2021<\/span><\/cite>, ed. C. Nobre et al., R\u00e9seau des solutions pour le d\u00e9veloppement durable (Nations unies), https:\/\/www.theamazonwewant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/220717-SPA-Executive-Summary-2021-EN.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    une prolife\u0301ration d\u2019herbes et de plantes ligneuses<\/q> Nobre, C. A., et al., \u2018Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Climate<\/span>, 4 (10), 1991: 957\u201388, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0442(1991)004<0957:ADARCC>2.0.CO;2<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    en de\u0301calant sa feuillaison saisonnie\u0300re<\/q> Camargo, M. G. G. de, et al., \u2018Leafing patterns and leaf exchange strategies of a cerrado woody community\u2019<\/cite>, Biotropica<\/span>, 50 (3), 2018: 442\u201354, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/btp.12552<\/a>; Cammelli, F., et al., \u2018Smallholders\u2019 perceptions of fire in the Brazilian Amazon: exploring implications for governance arrangements\u2019<\/cite>, Human Ecology<\/span>, 47 (4), 2019: 601\u201312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10745-019-00096-6<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    nouvelles strate\u0301gies de repousse apre\u0300s les incendies<\/q> Pilon, N. A. L., et al., \u2018The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Ecology<\/span>, 109 (1), 2021: 154\u201366, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2745.13456<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    quand la de\u0301forestation aura de\u0301cime\u0301 40 % de la superficie<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>; Sampaio, G., et al., \u2018Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion\u2019<\/cite>, Geophysical Research Letters<\/span>, 34 (17), 2007: Article L17709, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007GL030612<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    pas exclu que 60 % de la fore\u0302t amazonienne disparaisse avant 2050<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    une \u00ab barrie\u0300re verte \u00bb contre la propagation des maladies infectieuses<\/q> Global Monitoring Laboratory, \u2018Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide\u2019<\/cite>; Ellwanger et al., \u2018Beyond diversity loss and climate change\u2019<\/cite>; Flores, B. M., and Levis, C., \u2018Human-food feedback in tropical forests\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 372 (6547), 2021: 1146\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abh1806<\/a>;
    \n\tSokolow, S. H., Nova, N., Pepin, K. M., Peel, A. J., Pulliam, J. R. C., Manlove, K., Cross, P. C., Becker, D. J., Plowright, R. K., McCallum, H., & de Leo, G. A. (2019), \u2018Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover\u2019<\/cite>, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374(1782). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/RSTB.2018.0342<\/p>\n

    impacts de\u0301vastateurs sur la biodiversite\u0301<\/q> Laurindo, R. S., et al., \u2018The effects of habitat loss on bat-fruit networks\u2019<\/cite>, Biodiversity and Conservation<\/span>, 28 (3), 2019: 589\u2013601, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10531-018-1676-x<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    surtout dans les zones de\u0301boise\u0301es<\/q> Leite-Filho et al., \u2018Effects of deforestation\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    le mercure a grimpe\u0301 de 2 \u00b0C a\u0300 3 \u00b0C<\/q> Gatti et al., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    une re\u0301duction notable de l\u2019e\u0301vapotranspiration<\/q> Barkhordarian, A., et al., \u2018A recent systematic increase in vapor pressure deficit over tropical South America\u2019<\/cite>, Science Reports<\/span>, 9, 2019: Article 15331, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51857-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    e\u0301mettre plus de carbone qu\u2019elles n\u2019en stockent<\/q> Gatti et al., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    cessera d\u2019e\u0302tre un puits de carbone pour devenir une source de CO2<\/SUB><\/q> Ibid.<\/p>\n

    une savane de\u0301grade\u0301e<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    menac\u0327ant directement la survie des populations<\/q> Alves de Oliveira, B. F., et al., \u2018Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon\u2019<\/cite>, Communications Earth and Environment<\/span>, 2, 2021: Article 207, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43247-021-00275-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Carlos Nobre, Julia Arieira et Nath\u00e1lia Nascimento Toutes les sources num\u00e9riques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9es le 30 septembre 2021 absorbe [\u2026] 16 % du dioxyde de carbone atmosphe\u0301rique Beer, C., et al., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019, Science, 329 (5993), 2010: 834\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184984; Bullock, E. L., et al., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":717,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-733","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/733","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=733"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/733\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=733"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}