{"id":715,"date":"2022-08-23T15:47:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T15:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notes-de-fin\/comment-fonctionne-le-climat\/1-7-pourquoi-nont-ils-rien-fait\/"},"modified":"2022-08-23T15:47:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-23T15:47:00","slug":"1-7-pourquoi-nont-ils-rien-fait","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/notes-de-fin\/comment-fonctionne-le-climat\/1-7-pourquoi-nont-ils-rien-fait\/","title":{"rendered":"1.7 Pourquoi n\u2019ont-ils rien fait?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Naomi Oreskes<\/a><\/p>\n

Toutes les sources num\u00e9riques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9es le

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  1. \n

    \nles nombreuses me\u0301thodes de de\u0301sinformation [de] l\u2019industrie des e\u0301nergies fossiles<\/q> Union of Concerned Scientists, Smoke, Mirrors and Hot Air: How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco\u2019s Tactics to \u2018Manufacture Uncertainty\u2019 on Climate Change<\/span><\/cite>, 2007, https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/resources\/smoke-mirrors-hot-air<\/a>; Oreskes, N., and Conway, E., Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming <\/span>(New York: Bloomsbury, 2010); Cook, J., et al., America Misled: How the Fossil Fuel Industry Deliberately Misled Americans about Climate Change<\/span>, George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication, 2019, https:\/\/www.climatechangecommunication.org\/america-misled\/<\/a>; Mann, M. E., The New Climate War: The Fight to Take Back Our Planet <\/span>(New York: PublicAffairs, 2021).\n<\/p>\n

    \nle ge\u0301ant du secteur, ExxonMobil<\/q> Banerjee, N., et al., Exxon: The Road Not Taken<\/span><\/cite> (New York: Inside Climate News, 2015); Rust, S., \u2018Report details how Exxon Mobil and fossil fuel firms sowed seeds of doubt on climate change\u2019<\/cite>,LA Times<\/span>, 21 October 2019, https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/environment\/story\/2019-10-21\/oil-companies-exxon-climate-change-denial-report<\/a>; Facult\u00e9 de journalisme de Columbia, \u2018Two-year-long investigation: what Exxon Knew about climate change\u2019<\/cite>, 2017, https:\/\/journalism.columbia.edu\/two-year-long-investigation-what-exxon-knew-about-climate-change<\/a>; On, J., et Balkin, A., ExxonKnew https:\/\/www.sej.org\/initiatives\/sifting-disinformation\/exxonsecretsorg<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \npas empe\u0302che\u0301 l\u2019entreprise, a\u0300 partir des anne\u0301es 1990, de diffuser<\/q> Supran, G., and Oreskes, N., \u2018Assessing ExxonMobil\u2019s climate change communications (1977\u20132014)\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 12 (8), 2017: Article 084019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa815f<\/a>; Supran, G., et Oreskes, N., \u2018Rhetoric and frame analysis of ExxonMobil\u2019s climate change communications\u2019<\/cite>, One Earth<\/span>, 4 (5), 2021: 696\u2013719, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oneear.2021.04.014<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nCe secteur a e\u0301galement fait diversion<\/q> Mitloehner, F., \u2018Big oil distracts from their carbon footprint by tricking you to focus on yours\u2019<\/cite>, CLEAR Center, 16 octobre 2020, https:\/\/clear.ucdavis.edu\/blog\/big-oil-distracts-their-carbon-footprint-tricking-you-focus-yours<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \ndes coquilles vides, comme la Global Climate Coalition<\/q> Revkin, A. C., \u2018Industry\u2019s advisers on climate\u2019<\/cite>, New York Times<\/span>, 23 avril 2009, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/04\/24\/science\/earth\/24deny.html<\/a>; Oreskes, N., \u2018My facts are better than your facts: spreading good news about global warming\u2019<\/cite>, in Howlett, P., and Morgan, MS., eds., How Well Do Facts Travel? The Dissemination of Reliable Knowledge <\/cite>(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 136\u201366.<\/p>\n

    \nEn 2006, la Royal Society britannique<\/q> Ward, R., letter to Nick Thomas (Director, Corporate Affairs, Esso), 4 September 2006, https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/~\/media\/royal_society_content\/policy\/publications\/2006\/8257.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nTout e\u0301tait bien engage\u0301 jusqu\u2019a\u0300 ce que<\/q> Weiss, D. J., \u2018Anatomy of a Senate Climate Bill Death\u2019<\/cite>, Center for American Progress, 12 octobre 2010, https:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/article\/anatomy-of-a-senate-climate-bill-death\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nEntre 2000 et 2016, pour soutenir les inte\u0301re\u0302ts lie\u0301s aux e\u0301nergies fossiles<\/q> Brulle, R. J., \u2018Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations\u2019<\/cite>, Climatic Change<\/span>, 122 (4), 2014: 681\u201394, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10584-013-1018-7<\/a>; Brulle, R. J., correspondance priv\u00e9e par courriel avec l\u2019auteur, 14 octobre 2021. Dans l\u2019\u00e9tude comme dans la correspondance, le \u00ab lobbying \u00bb n\u2019est pas qualifi\u00e9 de pro- ou anti-climat, mais il para\u00eet plausible de supposer que l\u2019essentiel, voire l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9, du lobbying li\u00e9 aux \u00e9nergies fossiles visait \u00e0 entraver la mobilisation climatique.<\/p>\n

    \nencourag\u00e9s par les v\u0153ux pieux de certains<\/q> Oreskes, N., \u2018Wishful thinking about natural gas\u2019<\/cite>, Le Monde diplomatique<\/span>, 1er<\/sup> ao\u00fbt 2014, https:\/\/mondediplo.com\/openpage\/wishful-thinking-about-natural-gas<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nne pouvaient pas \u00ab risquer de se mettre a\u0300 dos et de diaboliser \u00bb<\/q> Bacow, L. S., \u2018A message from President Bacow on climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Harvard Office of the President, 21 avril 2020, https:\/\/www.harvard.edu\/president\/news\/2020\/message-from-president-bacow-on-climate-change\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nnombre de ces \u00ab partenaires \u00bb avaient diabolise\u0301 les climatologues<\/q> Harvard a aussi soulign\u00e9 que certains de ces partenaires s\u2019\u00e9taient engag\u00e9s \u00e0 atteindre la \u00ab neutralit\u00e9 carbone \u00bb. Ces engagements portaient toutefois sur les \u00e9missions issues de leurs activit\u00e9s et non sur les combustibles qu\u2019ils avaient l\u2019intention de continuer \u00e0 vendre pendant encore plusieurs d\u00e9cennies. Ces d\u00e9clarations \u00e9taient l\u2019\u00e9quivalent d\u2019un cigarettier promettant d\u2019interdire le tabagisme dans ses usines tout en continuant \u00e0 vendre des cigarettes dans le monde entier. En 2019, par exemple, ExxonMobil n\u2019a projet\u00e9 aucune baisse des \u00e9missions de CO2<\/SUB> dans le secteur des \u00e9nergies d\u2019ici \u00e0 2040 ; et aucune date n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 annonc\u00e9e pour la neutralit\u00e9 carbone, ce qui sous-entend un r\u00e9chauffement \u00e0 dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e. ExxonMobil, Outlook for Energy: A Perspective to 2040<\/span>, 2019, https:\/\/corporate.exxonmobil.com\/-\/media\/Global\/Files\/outlook-for-energy\/2019-Outlook-for-Energy_v4.pdf.<\/a> Voir \u00e9galement Mulvey, K., et al., \u2018Fossil fuel companies claim they\u2019re helping fight climate change. The reality is different\u2019<\/cite>, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists<\/span>, 17 d\u00e9cembre 2019, https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/2019\/12\/fossil-fuel-companies-claim-theyre-helping-fight-climate-change-the-reality-is-different\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \nLa majorite\u0301 des e\u0301conomistes reconnaissent aujourd\u2019hui que le changement climatique est un dysfonctionnement du marche\u0301<\/q> Steffen, W., et al., \u2018The trajectory of the Anthropocene: the Great Acceleration\u2019<\/cite>, Anthropocene Review<\/span>, 2 (1), 2015: 81\u201398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053019614564785<\/a>; Stern, N., The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review <\/span>(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/ukgwa\/20100407172811\/https:\/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk\/stern_review_report.htm<\/a>; Benjamin, A., \u2018Stern: climate change a \u00ab market failure \u00bb\u2019<\/cite>, Guardian<\/span>, 29 novembre 2007, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2007\/nov\/29\/climatechange.carbonemissions<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \ninvisible \u00ab car elle n\u2019existe pas \u00bb<\/q> Stiglitz, J., \u2018There is no invisible hand\u2019<\/cite>, Guardian<\/span>, 20 d\u00e9cembre 2002, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2002\/dec\/20\/highereducation.uk1<\/a>. Stiglitz \u00e9crit plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment que la main \u00ab est invisible, du moins partiellement, car elle n\u2019existe pas \u00bb.\n<\/p>\n

    \n\u00ab les produits technologiques ne sont pas neutres \u00bb<\/q> Pape Fran\u00e7ois, \u00ab Lettre encyclique Laudato si\u2019 du saint-p\u00e8re Fran\u00e7ois sur la sauvegarde de la maison commune \u00bb<\/cite>, 24 mai 2015, section 107, https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/encyclicals\/documents\/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Naomi Oreskes Toutes les sources num\u00e9riques ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9es le 14 October 2021 les nombreuses me\u0301thodes de de\u0301sinformation [de] l\u2019industrie des e\u0301nergies fossiles Union of Concerned Scientists, Smoke, Mirrors and Hot Air: How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco\u2019s Tactics to \u2018Manufacture Uncertainty\u2019 on Climate Change, 2007, https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/resources\/smoke-mirrors-hot-air; Oreskes, N., and Conway, E., Merchants of Doubt: How…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":711,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-715","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/715","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=715"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/715\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/711"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=715"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}