{"id":602,"date":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T13:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notas-finales\/segunda-parte-como-esta-cambiando-nuestro-planeta\/2-17-la-amazonia\/"},"modified":"2022-11-01T13:01:17","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T13:01:17","slug":"2-17-la-amazonia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/notas-finales\/segunda-parte-como-esta-cambiando-nuestro-planeta\/2-17-la-amazonia\/","title":{"rendered":"2.17 La Amazonia"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Carlos Nobre<\/a>, Julia Arieira<\/a> y Nath\u00e1lia Nascimento<\/a><\/p>\n

Todas las fuentes en l\u00ednea se consultaron el

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  1. \n

    un 16 por ciento del di\u00f3xido de carbono de la atm\u00f3sfera<\/q> Beer, C., et al., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 329 (5993), 2010: 834\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184984<\/a>; Bullock, E. L., et al., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 26 (5), 2020: 2956\u201369, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.15029<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    ayuda a almacenar entre 150.000 y 200.000 millones de toneladas de carbono<\/q> Saatchi, S. S., et al., \u2018Distribution of above-ground live biomass in the Amazon basin\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 13 (4), 2007: 816\u201337, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2007.01323.x<\/a>; Malhi, Y., et al., \u2018Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 15 (5), 2009: 1255\u201374, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01780.x<\/a>; Oliveira Marques, J. D. de, et al., \u2018Soil carbon stocks under Amazonian forest: distribution in the soil fractions and vulnerability to emission\u2019<\/cite>, Open Journal of Forestry<\/span>, 7 (2), 2017: 121\u201342, doi: 10.4236\/ojf.2017.72008.<\/p>\n

    La temperatura [\u2026] ha subido una media de 1,02\u00b0C<\/q> Gatti, L. V., et al., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 595 (7867), 2021: 388\u201393, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03629-6<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    2019-2020 fue el segundo a\u00f1o m\u00e1s c\u00e1lido desde 1960<\/q> Marengo, J. A., et al., \u2018Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends\u2019<\/cite>, Frontiers in Earth Science<\/span>, 6, 2018: Article 228, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feart.2018.00228<\/a>; Nobre, C. A., and Borma, L. D. S., \u2018\u201cTipping points\u201d for the Amazon forest\u2019<\/cite>, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability<\/span>, 1 (1), 2009: 28\u201336, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosust.2009.07.003<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Asimismo, la variabilidad clim\u00e1tica ha aumentado [\u2026] sequ\u00edas y olas de calor<\/q> Nobre, C. A., et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks in the Amazon and the need of a novel sustainable development paradigm\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 113 (39), 2016: 10759\u201368, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1605516113<\/a>; Marengo et al., \u2018Changes in climate and land use over the Amazon region: current and future variability and trends\u2019<\/cite>; Nobre y Borma, \u2018\u201cTipping points\u201d for the Amazon forest\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    la concentraci\u00f3n actual es de 414 ppm<\/q> Global Monitoring Laboratory, \u2018Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide\u2019<\/cite>, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2021, https:\/\/gml.noaa.gov\/ccgg\/trends\/global.html<\/a>; Ellwanger, J. H., et al., \u2018Beyond diversity loss and climate change: impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health\u2019<\/cite>, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias<\/span>, 92, 2020: art\u00edculo 20191375, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0001-3765202020191375<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    m\u00e1s de ciento cincuenta d\u00edas al a\u00f1o [\u2026] mayores de 35\u00b0C<\/q> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/span>, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, en prensa), doi: 10.1017\/9781009157896.001. <\/cite><\/p>\n

    muy vinculada con la construcci\u00f3n de carreteras<\/q> National Institute of Space Research, TerraBrasilis, http:\/\/terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br\/app\/map\/deforestation<\/a>; Beer et al., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019<\/cite>; Bullock et al., \u2018Satellite\u2010based estimates reveal widespread forest degradation in the Amazon\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    una reducci\u00f3n del 40 por ciento en pluviosidad<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>; Leite-Filho, A. T., et al., \u2018Effects of deforestation on the onset of the rainy season and the duration of dry spells in Southern Amazonia\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres<\/span>, 124, 2019: 5268\u201381, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2018JD029537<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    un mayor incremento en la mortalidad de los \u00e1rboles y las emisiones de carbono<\/q> Malhi et al., \u2018Comprehensive assessment of carbon productivity, allocation and storage in three Amazonian forests\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    perecieron 2.500 millones de \u00e1rboles<\/q> Science Panel for the Amazon, Executive Summary of the Amazon Assessment Report 2021<\/span><\/cite>, ed. C. Nobre et al., United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2001, https:\/\/www.theamazonwewant.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/220717-SPA-Executive-Summary-2021-EN.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    una proliferaci\u00f3n de plantas herb\u00e1ceas y le\u00f1osas<\/q> Nobre, C. A., et al., \u2018Amazonian deforestation and regional climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Climate<\/span>, 4 (10), 1991: 957\u201388, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1175\/1520-0442(1991)004<0957:ADARCC>2.0.CO;2<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    alteraci\u00f3n de los procesos estacionales de brotaci\u00f3n<\/q> Camargo, M. G. G. de, et al., \u2018Leafing patterns and leaf exchange strategies of a cerrado woody community\u2019<\/cite>, Biotropica<\/span>, 50 (3), 2018: 442\u201354, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/btp.12552<\/a>; Cammelli, F., et al., \u2018Smallholders\u2019 perceptions of fire in the Brazilian Amazon: exploring implications for governance arrangements\u2019<\/cite>, Human Ecology<\/span>, 47 (4), 2019: 601\u201312, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10745-019-00096-6<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    nuevas estrategias de rebrotaci\u00f3n postincendio<\/q> Pilon, N. A. L., et al., \u2018The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Ecology<\/span>, 109 (1), 2021: 154\u201366, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1365-2745.13456<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    cuando la deforestaci\u00f3n afecte al 40 por ciento<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>; Sampaio, G., et al., \u2018Regional climate change over eastern Amazonia caused by pasture and soybean cropland expansion\u2019<\/cite>, Geophysical Research Letters<\/span>, 34 (17), 2007: art\u00edculo L17709, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007GL030612<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    hacia 2050 hasta el 60 por ciento [\u2026] desaparezca<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    una \u00abbarrera verde\u00bb contra la propagaci\u00f3n de enfermedades infecciosas<\/q> Global Monitoring Laboratory, \u2018Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide\u2019<\/cite>; Ellwanger et al., \u2018Beyond diversity loss and climate change\u2019<\/cite>; Flores, B. M., and Levis, C., \u2018Human-food feedback in tropical forests\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 372 (6547), 2021: 1146\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abh1806<\/a>;
    \n\tSokolow, S. H., Nova, N., Pepin, K. M., Peel, A. J., Pulliam, J. R. C., Manlove, K., Cross, P. C., Becker, D. J., Plowright, R. K., McCallum, H., & de Leo, G. A. (2019), \u2018Ecological interventions to prevent and manage zoonotic pathogen spillover\u2019<\/cite>, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374(1782). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/RSTB.2018.0342<\/p>\n

    efectos devastadores en la biodiversidad<\/q> Laurindo, R. S., et al., \u2018The effects of habitat loss on bat-fruit networks\u2019<\/cite>, Biodiversity and Conservation<\/span>, 28 (3), 2019: 589\u2013601, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10531-018-1676-x<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    en especial en \u00e1reas desforestadas<\/q> Leite-Filho et al., \u2018Effects of deforestation\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    de 2 a 3\u00b0C m\u00e1s c\u00e1lida<\/q> Gatti et al., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    La evapotranspiraci\u00f3n y el reciclado de agua se han reducido de forma dr\u00e1stica<\/q> Barkhordarian, A., et al., \u2018A recent systematic increase in vapor pressure deficit over tropical South America\u2019<\/cite>, Science Reports<\/span>, 9, 2019: art\u00edculo 15331, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-51857-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    ha empezado a emitirse m\u00e1s carbono del que se almacenaba<\/q> Gatti et al., \u2018Amazonia as a carbon source\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    una fuente de carbono, en lugar de un sumidero<\/q> Ibid.<\/p>\n

    transformarse en una sabana degradada<\/q> Nobre et al., \u2018Land-use and climate change risks\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    supondr\u00eda un riesgo directo de muerte<\/q> Alves de Oliveira, B. F., et al., \u2018Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon\u2019<\/cite>, Communications Earth and Environment<\/span>, 2, 2021: Article 207, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43247-021-00275-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Carlos Nobre, Julia Arieira y Nath\u00e1lia Nascimento Todas las fuentes en l\u00ednea se consultaron el 30 de septiembre de 2021 un 16 por ciento del di\u00f3xido de carbono de la atm\u00f3sfera Beer, C., et al., \u2018Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate\u2019, Science, 329 (5993), 2010: 834\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1184984; Bullock, E. L.,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":588,"menu_order":17,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-602","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=602"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/602\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}