{"id":567,"date":"2022-08-23T15:47:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T15:47:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/notas-finales\/primera-parte-como-funciona-el-clima\/1-7-por-que-no-hicieron-nada\/"},"modified":"2022-11-01T13:01:13","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T13:01:13","slug":"1-7-por-que-no-hicieron-nada","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/notas-finales\/primera-parte-como-funciona-el-clima\/1-7-por-que-no-hicieron-nada\/","title":{"rendered":"1.7 \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 no hicieron nada?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Naomi Oreskes<\/a><\/p>\n

Todas las fuentes en l\u00ednea se consultaron el

    \n
  1. la industria de los combustibles f\u00f3siles ha difundido desinformaci\u00f3n de muchas maneras<\/q> Union of Concerned Scientists, Smoke, Mirrors and Hot Air: How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco\u2019s Tactics to \u2018Manufacture Uncertainty\u2019 on Climate Change<\/span><\/cite>, 2007, https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/resources\/smoke-mirrors-hot-air<\/a>; Oreskes, N., and Conway, E., Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming <\/span>(Nueva York: Bloomsbury, 2010); Cook, J., et al., America Misled: How the Fossil Fuel Industry Deliberately Misled Americans about Climate Change<\/span>, George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication, 2019, https:\/\/www.climatechangecommunication.org\/america-misled\/<\/a>; Mann, M. E., The New Climate War: The Fight to Take Back Our Planet <\/span>(Nueva York: PublicAffairs, 2021).\n

    centrado en el coloso del sector ExxonMobil<\/q> Banerjee, N., et al., Exxon: The Road Not Taken<\/span><\/cite> (New York: Inside Climate News, 2015); Rust, S., \u2018Report details how Exxon Mobil and fossil fuel firms sowed seeds of doubt on climate change\u2019<\/cite>,LA Times<\/span>, 21 de octubre de 2019, https:\/\/www.latimes.com\/environment\/story\/2019-10-21\/oil-companies-exxon-climate-change-denial-report<\/a>; Columbia Journalism School, \u2018Two-year-long investigation: what Exxon Knew about climate change\u2019<\/cite>, 2017, https:\/\/journalism.columbia.edu\/two-year-long-investigation-what-exxon-knew-about-climate-change<\/a>; On, J., and Balkin, A., ExxonKnew https:\/\/www.sej.org\/initiatives\/sifting-disinformation\/exxonsecretsorg<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    desde la d\u00e9cada de 1990, la empresa alent\u00f3<\/q> Supran, G., and Oreskes, N., \u2018Assessing ExxonMobil\u2019s climate change communications (1977\u20132014)\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 12 (8), 2017: art\u00edculo 084019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/aa815f<\/a>; Supran, G., and Oreskes, N., \u2018Rhetoric and frame analysis of ExxonMobil\u2019s climate change communications\u2019<\/cite>, One Earth<\/span>, 4 (5), 2021: 696\u2013719, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oneear.2021.04.014<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Tambi\u00e9n desvi\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n sobre el papel<\/q> Mitloehner, F., \u2018Big oil distracts from their carbon footprint by tricking you to focus on yours\u2019<\/cite>, CLEAR Center, 16 de octubre de 2020, https:\/\/clear.ucdavis.edu\/blog\/big-oil-distracts-their-carbon-footprint-tricking-you-focus-yours<\/a>.<\/li>\n

  2. grupos pantalla, como la Coalici\u00f3n Global por el Clima<\/q> Revkin, A. C., \u2018Industry\u2019s advisers on climate\u2019<\/cite>, New York Times<\/span>, 23 de abril de 2009, https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/04\/24\/science\/earth\/24deny.html<\/a>; Oreskes, N., \u2018My facts are better than your facts: spreading good news about global warming\u2019<\/cite>, in Howlett, P., and Morgan, MS., eds., How Well Do Facts Travel? The Dissemination of Reliable Knowledge <\/cite>(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 136\u201366.\n

    En 2006, la brit\u00e1nica Royal Society<\/q> Ward, R., letter to Nick Thomas (Director, Corporate Affairs, Esso), 4 de septiembre de 2006, https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/~\/media\/royal_society_content\/policy\/publications\/2006\/8257.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    parec\u00eda destinado al \u00e9xito, hasta que<\/q> Weiss, D. J., \u2018Anatomy of a Senate Climate Bill Death\u2019<\/cite>, Center for American Progress, 12 de octubre de 2010, https:\/\/www.americanprogress.org\/article\/anatomy-of-a-senate-climate-bill-death\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Entre 2000 y 2016, los intereses de los combustibles f\u00f3siles<\/q> Brulle, R. J., \u2018Institutionalizing delay: foundation funding and the creation of U.S. climate change counter-movement organizations\u2019<\/cite>, Climatic Change<\/span>, 122 (4), 2014: 681\u201394, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10584-013-1018-7<\/a>; Brulle, R. J., comunicaci\u00f3n personal con el autor mediante mensaje de correo electr\u00f3nico, 14 de octubre de 2021. Tanto en el studio como en la correspondencia, no se categoriza \u00abhacer lobby\u00bb como pro o anticlimax, pero parece seguro suponer que la mayor parte, sino toda la presi\u00f3n de cabildeo fue contra la acci\u00f3n clim\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n

    apoyadas por la ilusi\u00f3n vana de aquellas personas<\/q> Oreskes, N., \u2018Wishful thinking about natural gas\u2019<\/cite>, Le Monde diplomatique<\/span>, 1 de Agosto de 2014, https:\/\/mondediplo.com\/openpage\/wishful-thinking-about-natural-gas<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    no pod\u00eda \u00abarriesgarse a alejar y demonizar\u00bb<\/q> Bacow, L. S., \u2018A message from President Bacow on climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Harvard Office of the President, 21 de abril de 2020, https:\/\/www.harvard.edu\/president\/news\/2020\/message-from-president-bacow-on-climate-change\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    muchos de esos \u00abasociados\u00bb hab\u00edan demonizado a los cient\u00edficos y activistas clim\u00e1ticos<\/q> Harvard tambi\u00e9n resalt\u00f3 que algunos de dichos socios se hab\u00edan comprometido con la \u00abneutralidad de carbono\u00bb. Pero dichos compromisos se refer\u00edan a emisiones de sus operaciones, no de los combustibles f\u00f3siles que pretend\u00edan seguir vendiendo durante las pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas.Tales declaraciones equival\u00edan a las de los fabricantes de cigarillos que promet\u00edan que sus f\u00e1bricas estar\u00edan libres de humo, al tiempo que continuaban vendiendo cigarillos por todo el globo. Por ejemplo, en 2019, ExxonMobil no preve\u00eda reducciones de las emisiones de di\u00f3xido de carbono procedentes del sector de la energ\u00eda hasta 2040, y no daba ninguna fecha en la que las emisiones llegaran a cero neto, lo que implicaba un caldeamiento indefinido. ExxonMobil, Outlook for Energy: A Perspective to 2040<\/span>, 2019, https:\/\/corporate.exxonmobil.com\/-\/media\/Global\/Files\/outlook-for-energy\/2019-Outlook-for-Energy_v4.pdf.<\/a> V\u00e9ase tambi\u00e9n Mulvey, K., et al., \u2018Fossil fuel companies claim they\u2019re helping fight climate change. The reality is different\u2019<\/cite>, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists<\/span>, 17 de diciembre de 2019, https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/2019\/12\/fossil-fuel-companies-claim-theyre-helping-fight-climate-change-the-reality-is-different\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    La mayor\u00eda de los economistas reconocen hoy en d\u00eda el cambio clim\u00e1tico como un fracaso del mercado<\/q> Steffen, W., et al., \u2018The trajectory of the Anthropocene: the Great Acceleration\u2019<\/cite>, Anthropocene Review<\/span>, 2 (1), 2015: 81\u201398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053019614564785<\/a>; Stern, N., The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review <\/span>(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), https:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/ukgwa\/20100407172811\/https:\/www.hm-treasury.gov.uk\/stern_review_report.htm<\/a>; Benjamin, A., \u2018Stern: climate change a \u201cmarket failure\u201d\u2019<\/cite>, Guardian<\/span>, 29 de noviembre de 2007, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2007\/nov\/29\/climatechange.carbonemissions<\/a>.<\/li>\n

  3. invisible \u00abporque no est\u00e1\u00bb<\/q> Stiglitz, J., \u2018There is no invisible hand\u2019<\/cite>, Guardian<\/span>, 20 de diciembre de 2002, https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2002\/dec\/20\/highereducation.uk1<\/a>. Stiglitz dijo en realidad que la mano \u00abes invisible, al menos en parte, porque no est\u00e1 aqu\u00ed\u00bb.\n

    \u00ablos productos tecnol\u00f3gicos no son neutros\u00bb<\/q> Pope Francisco, \u2018Carta enc\u00edclica Laudato si\u2019 del Santo Padre Francisco sobre el cuidado de la casa com\u00fan<\/cite>, 24 de mayo de 2015, secci\u00f3n 107, https:\/\/www.vatican.va\/content\/francesco\/en\/encyclicals\/documents\/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Naomi Oreskes Todas las fuentes en l\u00ednea se consultaron el 14 de octubre de 2021 la industria de los combustibles f\u00f3siles ha difundido desinformaci\u00f3n de muchas maneras Union of Concerned Scientists, Smoke, Mirrors and Hot Air: How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco\u2019s Tactics to \u2018Manufacture Uncertainty\u2019 on Climate Change, 2007, https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/resources\/smoke-mirrors-hot-air; Oreskes, N., and Conway, E.,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":560,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-567","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=567"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/567\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}