{"id":99,"date":"2022-08-23T14:18:38","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T14:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=99"},"modified":"2022-11-25T15:21:03","modified_gmt":"2022-11-25T15:21:03","slug":"1-4-civilization-and-extinction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/how-climate-works\/1-4-civilization-and-extinction\/","title":{"rendered":"1.4 Civilization and Extinction"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Elizabeth Kolbert<\/a><\/p>\n

Online sources accessed on

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  1. \n

    humans carried with them tropical diseases<\/q> Greenbaum, G., et al.,\u2018Disease transmission and introgression can explain the long-lasting contact zone of modern humans and Neanderthals\u2019<\/cite>,Nature Communications<\/span>, 10, 2019: Article 5003, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12862-7<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u2018We live in a zoologically impoverished world\u2019<\/q> Wallace, A. R., The Geographical Distribution of Animals with a Study of the Relations of Living and Extinct Faunas as Elucidating the Past Changes of the Earth\u2019s Surface<\/span><\/cite> (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1876), vol. 1, 150.<\/p>\n

    \u2018a geologically instantaneous ecological catastrophe\u2019<\/q> Alroy, J., \u2018A multispecies overkill simulation of the end-Pleistocene megafaunal mass extinction\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 292 (5523), 2001: 1893\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1059342.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    A recent study published in the journal Current Biology<\/span><\/q> Valente, L., et al., \u2018Deep macroevolutionary impact of humans on New Zealand\u2019s unique avifauna\u2019<\/cite>, Current Biology<\/span>, 29 (15), 2019: 2563\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2019.06.058.<\/a><\/p>\n

    \u2018thicker than \u2026 stars in the firmament\u2019<\/q> Parrish, E. E., The Oregon Trail Diary of Rev. Edward Evans Parrish in 1844: The Unabridged Diary<\/span>, ed. B. Webber (Medford, OR: Webb Research Group, 1988).<\/p>\n

    the marine fish catch increased sevenfold<\/q> International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, \u2018Great Acceleration\u2019<\/cite>, 15 January 2015, www.igbp.net\/globalchange\/greatacceleration.4.1b8ae20512db692f2a680001630.html.<\/a><\/p>\n

    \u2018Sometimes differences in quantity can become\u2019<\/q> McNeill, J. R., Something New under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-century World<\/span> (New York: W.W. Norton, 2000), 4.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    more than 15 million square kilometres were under cultivation<\/q> Ibid., 213.<\/p>\n

    \u2018Certainly, our knowledge of their past response\u2019<\/q> Coope, G. R., \u2018The paleoclimatological significance of Late Cenozoic Coleoptera: familiar species in very unfamiliar circumstances\u2019<\/cite>, in Culver, S. J., and Rawson, P. F., eds., Biotic Response to Global Climate Change: The Last 145 Million Years<\/span> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).<\/p>\n

    a detailed survey of Bramble Cay<\/q> Purtill, J., \u2018An Australian rodent has become the first climate change mammal extinction\u2019<\/cite>, ABC News, 20 February 2019, https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/triplej\/programs\/hack\/bramble-cay-melomys-first-climate-change-mammal-extinction\/10830080.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    coral cover on the Great Barrier Reef has declined by half<\/q> Dietzel, A., et al., \u2018Long-term shifts in the colony size structure of coral populations along the Great Barrier Reef\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/span>, 287 (1936), 2020: Article 20201432,http:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2020.1432.<\/a><\/p>\n

    transformed into habitats dominated by algae and sponges<\/q> Cramer, K. L., et al., \u2018Widespread loss of Caribbean acroporid corals was underway before coral bleaching and disease outbreaks\u2019<\/cite>, Science Advances<\/span>, 6 (17), 2020, Article eaax9395, https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.aax9395.<\/a><\/p>\n

    \u2018vulnerable to ecosystem collapse\u2019<\/q> Obura, D., et al., \u2018Vulnerability to collapse of coral reef ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Sustainability<\/span>, 5 (2), 2021: 104\u201313, https:\/\/doi:10.1038\/s41893-021-00817-0.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Elizabeth Kolbert Online sources accessed on 7 March, 27 April and 11 May 2022 humans carried with them tropical diseases Greenbaum, G., et al.,\u2018Disease transmission and introgression can explain the long-lasting contact zone of modern humans and Neanderthals\u2019,Nature Communications, 10, 2019: Article 5003, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-12862-7. \u2018We live in a zoologically impoverished world\u2019 Wallace, A. R., The…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":14,"menu_order":4,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-99","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/99","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=99"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/99\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=99"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}