{"id":43,"date":"2022-08-16T12:53:06","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T12:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tcb.localhost\/?page_id=43"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:48","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:48","slug":"2-2-heat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/how-our-planet-is-changing\/2-2-heat\/","title":{"rendered":"2.2 Heat"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Katharine Hayhoe<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

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  1. \n

    \nand led to more than 70,000 premature deaths<\/q> Robine, J-M., et al., \u2018Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003\u2019<\/cite>, Comptes rendus biologies<\/span>, 331 (2), 2008: 171\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \ndoubled the risk of that heatwave occurring<\/q> Stott, P., et al., \u2018Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 432 (7017), 2004: 610\u201314, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature03089<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nmade this heatwave at least 150 times more likely<\/q> Philip, S. Y., et al., \u2018Western North American extreme heat virtually impossible without human-caused climate change\u2019<\/cite>, World Weather Attribution 7 July 2021, https:\/\/www.worldweatherattribution.org\/western-north-american-extreme-heat-virtually-impossible-without-human-caused-climate-change\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \nThis high-pressure system, also known as a heat dome<\/q> Berardelli, J., \u2018What is a heat dome? Extreme temperatures in the Pacific Northwest, explained\u2019<\/cite>, CBS News<\/span>, 30 June 2021, https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/what-is-heat-dome-extreme-temperatures-pacific-northwest\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nHigh temperature extremes are already more common<\/q> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/span><\/cite>, ed. T. F. Stocker et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar5\/wg1\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nA child born in 2020<\/q> Thiery, W., et al., \u2018Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 374 (6564), 2021, 158\u201360, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abi7339<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nfor each additional half-degree of global warming<\/q> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, \u2018Summary for policymakers\u2019<\/cite>, in Global Warming of 1.5\u00b0C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5\u00b0C above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty<\/span>, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/sr15\/chapter\/spm\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \neight out of the ten most extreme marine heatwaves<\/q> Smith, K. E., et al., \u2018Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: global issues and opportunities\u2019<\/cite>, Science, 374 (6566), 2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abj3593<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nkill off billions of shellfish<\/q> Shivaram, D., \u2018Heatwave killed an estimated 1 billion sea creatures, and scientists fear even worse\u2019<\/cite>, NPR, 9 July 2021, https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2021\/07\/09\/1014564664\/billion-sea-creatures-mussels-dead-canada-british-columbia-vancouver<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nIt can lead to mass die-offs<\/q> Crowe, M., \u2018Mass bird death event in Seattle attributed to record heat Monday\u2019<\/cite>, King 5, 29 June 2021, https:\/\/wa.audubon.org\/news\/mortality-event-west-seattle-caspian-tern-colony<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe 2020 Australian wildfires<\/q> WWF Australia, \u2018New WWF report: 3 billion animals impacted by Australia\u2019s bushfire crisis\u2019<\/cite>, 28 July 2020, https:\/\/www.wwf.org.au\/news\/news\/2020\/3-billion-animals-impacted-by-australia-bushfire-crisis<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe extinction of a third of \u2026 species<\/q> Thomas, C. D., et al., \u2018Extinction risk from climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 427 (6970), 2004: 145\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02121<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nheat-related illness and even death<\/q> US Global Change Research Program, The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment<\/span><\/cite>, 2016, https:\/\/health2016.globalchange.gov<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nimpacting our mental health<\/q> American Psychiatric Association, \u2018Extreme heat contributes to worsening mental health, especially among vulnerable populations\u2019<\/cite>, 30 June 2021, https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/newsroom\/news-releases\/extreme-heat-contributes-to-worsening-mental-health-especially-among-vulnerable-populations<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe risk of interpersonal violence<\/q> Anderson, C. A., \u2018Temperature and aggression: ubiquitous effects of heat on the occurrence of human violence\u2019<\/cite>, Psychological Bulletin<\/span>, 106 (1), 1989: 74\u201396, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.106.1.74<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \npolitical instability<\/q> National Intelligence Council, National Intelligence Estimate: Climate Change and International Responses Increasing Challenges to US National Security through 2040<\/cite>, October 2021, https:\/\/www.dni.gov\/files\/ODNI\/documents\/assessments\/NIE_Climate_Change_and_National_Security.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Katharine Hayhoe All online sources accessed on 11 January 2022 and led to more than 70,000 premature deaths Robine, J-M., et al., \u2018Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003\u2019, Comptes rendus biologies, 331 (2), 2008: 171\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crvi.2007.12.001. doubled the risk of that heatwave occurring Stott, P., et al., \u2018Human contribution to…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":18,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-43","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/43","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/43\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}