{"id":373,"date":"2022-09-19T15:44:01","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T15:44:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=373"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:58","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:58","slug":"5-20-climate-reparations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/what-we-must-do-now\/5-20-climate-reparations\/","title":{"rendered":"5.20 Climate Reparations"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ol\u00faf\u1eb9mi O. T\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

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  1. \n

    \nAdom Getachew has called this \u2026 \u2018worldmaking\u2019<\/q> Getachew, A., Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination<\/span><\/cite> (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019).\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \nEuropean empires \u2026 were essentially middlemen<\/q> Parthasarathi, P., Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600\u20131850<\/span><\/cite> (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011); Flynn, D. O., and Gir\u00e1ldez, A., \u2018Born with a \u201csilver spoon\u201d: the origin of world trade in 1571\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of World History<\/span>, 6 (2), 1995: 201\u201321, https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20078638<\/a>; Flynn, D. O., and Gir\u00e1ldez, A., \u2018Arbitrage, China, and world trade in the early modern period\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient<\/span>, 38 (4), 1995: 429\u201348, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/1568520952600308<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    \nmade productive with the labour of enslaved and trafficked Africans<\/q> Inikori, J. E., \u2018Slavery and the development of industrial capitalism in England\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Interdisciplinary History<\/span>, 17 (4), 1987: 771\u201393, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/204653<\/a>; Inikori, J. E., \u2018Slavery and Atlantic commerce, 1650\u20131800\u2019<\/cite>, American Economic Review<\/span>, 82 (2), 1992: 151\u20137, https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2117392<\/a>; Inikori, J. E., \u2018Market structure and the profits of the British African trade in the late eighteenth century\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Economic History<\/span>, 41 (4), 1981: 745\u201376, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0022050700044880<\/a>; Nunn, N., \u2018The long-term effects of Africa\u2019s slave trades\u2019<\/cite>, Quarterly Journal of Economics<\/span>, 123 (1), 2008: 139\u201376, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/qjec.2008.123.1.139<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe beginning of our era of anthropogenic climate change<\/q> Jonsson, F. A., \u2018The Industrial Revolution in the Anthropocene\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Modern History<\/span>, 84 (3), 2012: 679\u201396, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/666049<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nThe Global South \u2026 contains the lion\u2019s share of poverty and pollution<\/q> Zucman, G., \u2018Global wealth inequality\u2019<\/cite>, Annual Review of Economics<\/span>, 11, 2019: 109\u201338, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-economics-080218-025852<\/a>; Arrighi, G., Silver, B. J., and Brewer, B. D., \u2018Industrial convergence, globalization, and the persistence of the North\u2013South divide\u2019<\/cite>, Studies in Comparative International Development<\/span>, 38 (1), 2003: 3\u201331, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02686319<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe least advantages and the most disadvantages<\/q> Darity, W., \u2018Stratification economics: the role of intergroup inequality\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Economics and Finance<\/span>, 29 (2), 2005: 144\u201353, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02761550<\/a>; Darity, W., and Gordon Nembhard, J., \u2018Racial and ethnic economic inequality: the international record\u2019<\/cite>, American Economic Review<\/span>, 90 (2), 2000: 308\u201311, http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1257\/aer.90.2.308<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \ndirect payments to African Americans descended from those enslaved<\/q> Darity, W. A., Jr, and Mullen, A. K., From Here to Equality: Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century<\/span><<\/cite> (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2020).\n<\/p>\n

    \nan additional amount for African Americans<\/q> Warren, D., \u2018Reparations and basic income\u2019<\/cite>, in Work, Inequality, Basic Income<\/span> (Cambridge, MA: Boston Review, 2017), 56\u201360, https:\/\/bostonreview.net\/forum_response\/dorian-t-warren-reparations-and-basic-income\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \na global universal basic income<\/q> Lacey, A., \u2018Universal basic income as development solution?\u2019<\/cite>, Global Social Policy<\/span>, 17 (1), 2017: 93\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F1468018116684269<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe $100 billion target \u2018does not even come close\u2019<\/q> Williams, M., The State of Play of Climate Finance: UNFCCC Funds and the $100 Billion Question<\/span><\/cite>, South Centre climate policy brief, December 2019, https:\/\/www.southcentre.int\/climate-policy-brief-21-december-2019\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nPrivate investors and corporations have offered to bridge the gap<\/q> Baker, J., \u2018Mark Carney\u2019s ambitious $130 trillion Glasgow financial alliance for net-zero\u2019<\/cite>, Forbes, 8 November 2021, https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/jillbaker\/2021\/11\/08\/mark-carneys-ambitious-130-trillion-glasgow-financial-alliance-for-net-zero\/<\/a>; T\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2, O. O., \u2018Our planet is heating up. Why are climate politics still frozen?\u2019<\/cite>, New Yorker<\/span>, 25 October 2021, https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/magazine\/2021\/11\/01\/our-planet-is-heating-up-why-are-climate-politics-still-frozen-colonialism-environment<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \ncash would flow to Black and Indigenous households and communities<\/q> Hamaji, K., et al., Freedom to Thrive: Reimagining Safety and Security in Our Communities<\/span><\/cite>, Center for Popular Democracy, Law for Black Lives and Black Youth Project 100, April 2017, https:\/\/www.populardemocracy.org\/news\/publications\/freedom-thrive-reimagining-safety-security-our-communities<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nWe can do this with a planetary scope<\/q> Ogle, V., \u2018\u201cFunk money\u201d: the end of empires, the expansion of tax havens, and decolonization as an economic and financial event\u2019<\/cite>, Past and Present<\/span>, 249 (1), 2020: 213\u201349, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pastj\/gtaa001<\/a>; Ogle, V., \u2018Tax havens: legal recoding of colonial plunder\u2019<\/cite>, Law and Political Economy Project, 10 November 2020, https:\/\/lpeproject.org\/blog\/tax-havens-legal-recoding-of-colonial-plunder\/<\/a>; Zucman, G., The Hidden Wealth of Nations: The Scourge of Tax Havens<\/span> (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015).\n<\/p>\n

    \nprivate interests have also wormed their way into democratic processes<\/q> For examples, see: Dal B\u00f3, E., \u2018Regulatory capture: a review\u2019<\/cite>, Oxford Review of Economic Policy<\/span>, 22 (2), 2006: 203\u201325, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxrep\/grj013<\/a>; Noah, A. O., et al., \u2018Corporate environmental accountability in Nigeria: an example of regulatory failure and regulatory capture\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies<\/span>, 11 (1), 2021: 70\u201393, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/JAEE-02-2019-0038<\/a>; Kaufman, A. C., \u20184 More states propose harsh new penalties for protesting fossil fuels\u2019<\/cite>, HuffPost, 20 February 2021, https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/entry\/fossil-fuel-protest_n_602c1ff6c5b6c95056f3f6af<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \nAn important alternative is the idea of \u2018community control\u2019<\/q> Adams, M., and Rameau, M., \u2018Black community control over police\u2019<\/cite>, Wisconsin Law Review<\/span>, 2016 (3): 515\u201339, https:\/\/wlr.law.wisc.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1263\/2016\/06\/4-Adams-Rameau-Final.pdf<\/a>; Rahman, K. S., and Simonson, J., \u2018The institutional design of community control\u2019<\/cite>, California Law Review<\/span>, 108 (3), 2020: 679\u2013742, https:\/\/www.californialawreview.org\/print\/institutional-design-community-control\/<\/a>; Lim, A., \u2018Building community control in a white supremacist country\u2019<\/cite>, The Nation<\/span>, 20 July 2020, https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/society\/police-education-community-control\/<\/a>; Seale, B., \u2018Bobby Seale: community control of police was on the Berkeley ballot in 1969\u2019<\/cite>, San Francisco Bay View<\/span>, 13 August 2015, https:\/\/sfbayview.com\/2015\/08\/bobby-seale-community-control-of-police-was-on-the-berkeley-ballot-in-1969\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \n\u2018participatory budgeting\u2019<\/q> Su, C., \u2018From Porto Alegre to New York City: participatory budgeting and democracy\u2019<\/cite>, New Political Science<\/span>, 39 (1), 2017: 67\u201375, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07393148.2017.1278854<\/a>; Wampler, B., and Hartz-Karp, J., \u2018Participatory budgeting: diffusion and outcomes across the world\u2019<\/cite>, Journal of Public Deliberation<\/span>, 8 (2), 2012: Article 13, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16997\/jdd.137<\/a>; Cohen, T., \u2018Can participatory emissions budgeting help local authorities to tackle climate change?\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Development<\/span>, 2, 2012: 18\u201335, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envdev.2012.03.016<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nThis approach has travelled widely since<\/q> Blair, B., \u2018Accountability through participatory budgeting in India: only in Kerala?\u2019<\/cite>, in Cheema, R., ed., Governance for Urban Services: Access, Participation, Accountability, and Transparency<\/span>(Singapore: Springer, 2020), 57\u201376, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-2973-3_3<\/a>; Nylen, W. R., Participatory Budgeting in a Competitive-Authoritarian Regime: A Case Study (Maputo, Mozambique)<\/span><\/cite> (Maputo, Mozambique: Instituto de Estudos Sociais e Econ\u00f3micos Maputo, 2014); Cabannes, Y., and Lipietz, B., \u2018Revisiting the democratic promise of participatory budgeting in light of competing political, good governance and technocratic logics\u2019<\/cite>, Environment and Urbanization<\/span>, 30 (1), 2018: 67\u201384, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F0956247817746279<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe \u2018Harambee movement\u2019<\/q> Opalo, K. O., \u2018Formalizing clientelism in Kenya: from Harambee to the Constituency Development Fund\u2019<\/cite>, World Development<\/span>, 152, 2022: Article 105794, , 152, 2022: Article 105794, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.worlddev.2021.105794<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \n\u2018energy democracy\u2019<\/q> Bozuwa, J., \u2018Public ownership for energy democracy\u2019<\/cite>, The Next System Project, 3 September 2018, https:\/\/thenextsystem.org\/learn\/stories\/public-ownership-energy-democracy<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe problems caused by uranium mining<\/q> Becenti, A., \u2018Uranium cleanup report falls on few ears\u2019<\/cite>, Navajo Times<\/span>, 20 February 2020, https:\/\/navajotimes.com\/rezpolitics\/uranium-cleanup-report-falls-on-few-ears\/<\/a>; Meynen, N., \u2018France destroys North Niger. Will the EU or UN act?\u2019<\/cite>, Mondiaal Nieuws<\/span>, 11 October 2017, https:\/\/www.mo.be\/en\/opinie\/france-destroys-north-niger-will-eu-or-un-act<\/a>; Amnesty International, \u2018No clean up, no justice: Shell\u2019s oil pollution in the Niger Delta\u2019<\/cite>, 18 June 2020, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2020\/06\/no-clean-up-no-justice-shell-oil-pollution-in-the-niger-delta\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nBangladesh\u2019s comprehensive system of disaster preparedness<\/q> Nishat, A., et al., A Range of Approaches to Address Loss and Damage from Climate Change Impacts in Bangladesh<\/span><\/cite>, Centre for Climate Change and Environmental Research, BRAC University, 2013, https:\/\/www.weadapt.org\/system\/files_force\/2017\/november\/5555b2dbe48b47069.pdf?download=1<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    \nFarmers in Hanoi and Kolkata<\/q> Vansintjan, A., \u2018Urban fish ponds: low-tech sewage treatment for towns and cities\u2019<\/cite>, Low-tech Magazine<\/span>, 28 March 2021, https:\/\/solar.lowtechmagazine.com\/2021\/03\/urban-fish-ponds-low-tech-sewage-treatment-for-towns-and-cities.html<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \ncommunity orchard and tree-planting projects<\/q> Build Soil, \u2018Why chestnuts?\u2019<\/cite>, BuildSoil Wiki, https:\/\/wiki.buildsoil.net\/index.php\/Why_Chestnuts%3F<\/a>; Freitas, T. R., et al., \u2018Influence of climate change on chestnut trees: a review\u2019<\/cite>, Plants<\/span>, 10 (7), 2021: Article 1463, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants10071463<\/a>; Barron, J., The Giving Trees: Community Orchards as New Urban Commons<\/span><\/cite>, PhD dissertation, Carleton University, Ottawa, 2018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22215\/etd\/2018-13345<\/a>; Lanza, K., and Stone, B., Jr, \u2018Climate adaptation in cities: what trees are suitable for urban heat management?\u2019<\/cite>, Landscape and Urban Planning<\/span>, 153, 2016, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2015.12.002<\/a>: 74\u201382; Taylor Lovell, S., et al., \u2018Community orchards for food sovereignty, human health, and climate resilience: indigenous roots and contemporary applications\u2019<\/cite>, Forests<\/span>, 12 (11), 2021: Article 1533, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/f12111533<\/a>; Fenston, J., \u2018There\u2019s plenty of food to forage for around D.C. \u2013 if you know where to look\u2019<\/cite>, DCist, 24 May 2019, https:\/\/dcist.com\/story\/19\/05\/24\/theres-plenty-of-food-to-forage-for-around-d-c-if-you-know-where-to-look\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ol\u00faf\u1eb9mi O. T\u00e1\u00edw\u00f2 All online sources accessed on 30 November 2021 Adom Getachew has called this \u2026 \u2018worldmaking\u2019 Getachew, A., Worldmaking after Empire: The Rise and Fall of Self-Determination (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019). European empires \u2026 were essentially middlemen Parthasarathi, P., Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600\u20131850…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":150,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-373","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/373","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=373"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/373\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=373"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}