{"id":295,"date":"2022-09-07T22:06:16","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T22:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=295"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:54","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:54","slug":"4-11-our-imprint-on-the-land","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/what-weve-done-about-it\/4-11-our-imprint-on-the-land\/","title":{"rendered":"4.11 Our Imprint on the Land"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Alexander Popp<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

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  1. \n

    \ndiets that are also increasing household food waste<\/q> Bodirsky, B., et al., \u2018The ongoing nutrition transition thwarts long-term targets for food security, public health and environmental protection\u2019<\/cite>, Scientific Reports<\/span>, 10, 2020: Article 19778, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-75213-3<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe great majority of the total mammal biomass<\/q> Bar-On, Y. M., et al., \u2018The biomass distribution on Earth\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 115 (25), 2018: 6506\u201311, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1711842115<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nThe production of crops has increased since 1961<\/q> Arneth, A., et al., \u2018Framing and context\u2019<\/cite>, in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change and Land: An IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertification, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse Gas Fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems<\/span>, ed. P. R. Shukla et al., 2019, https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/srccl\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \naround three quarters of the Earth\u2019s ice-free land surface<\/q> Winkler, K., et al., \u2018Global land use changes are four times greater than previously estimated\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Commuincations<\/span>, 12, 2021: Article 2501, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-22702-2<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nabout 37 million square kilometres<\/q> Alexander, P., et al., \u2018Human appropriation of land for food: the role of diet\u2019<\/cite>, Global Environmental Change<\/span>, 41, 2016: 88\u201398, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2016.09.005<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe dominant share of the total forested area \u2026 is used by humans<\/q> Erb, K.-H., et al., \u2018Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 553 (7786), 20118: 73\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25138<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nLess than half of all forest area has been estimated to contain old trees<\/q> Pugh, T. A. M., et al., \u2018Role of forest regrowth in global carbon sink dynamics\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 116 (10), 2019: 4382\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1810512116<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe volume of agricultural goods being traded internationally<\/q> Krausmann, F., and Langthaler, E., \u2018Food regimes and their trade links: a socio-ecological perspective\u2019<\/cite>, Ecological Economics<\/span>, 160, 2019: 87\u201395, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2019.02.011<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nmost pastureland expansion has replaced natural grasslands<\/q> Ramankutty, N., et al., \u2018Trends in global agricultural land use: implications for environmental health and food security\u2019<\/cite>, Annual Review of Plant Biology<\/span>, 69, 2018: 789\u2013815, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042817-040256<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nabout half of the Brazilian Cerrado has been transformed for use in agriculture<\/q> Strassburg, B. B. N., et al., \u2018Moment of truth for the Cerrado hotspot\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Ecology and Evolution<\/span>, 1 (4), 2017: Article 0099, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41559-017-0099<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \none of the most endangered biomes in the world<\/q> Carbutt, C., et al., \u2018Global plight of native temperate grasslands: Going, going, gone?\u2019<\/cite>, Biodiversity and Conservation<\/span>, 26 (12), 2017: 2911\u201332, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10531-017-1398-5<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \nthe majority of the world\u2019s wetlands have also been lost<\/q> Leifeld, J., et al., \u2018Intact and managed peatland soils as a source and sink of GHGs from 1850 to 2100\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Climate Change<\/span>, 9 (12), 2019: 945\u20137, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-019-0615-5<\/a>; Humpen\u00f6der, F., et al., \u2018Peatland protection and restoration are key for climate change mitigation\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 15 (10), 2020: Article 104093, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/abae2a<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe global irrigation area has doubled, total nitrogen fertilizer used has increased by ten times<\/q> Arneth et al., \u2018Framing and context\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \ntwo thirds moderately and the remainder at low intensities<\/q> Erb et al., \u2018Unexpectedly large impact of forest management\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n

    \na rising burden of diseases such as diabetes and cancer<\/q> Bodirsky et al., \u2018The ongoing nutrition transition\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nagricultural irrigation accounts for the great majority of human water withdrawals<\/q> Rost, S., et al., \u2018Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system\u2019<\/cite>, Water Resource Research<\/span>, 44 (9), 2008: Article W09405, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2007WR006331<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nHuman-made nitrogen fertilizer \u2026 leaks into aquatic ecosystems<\/q> Bodirsky, B. L., et al., \u2018Reactive nitrogen requirements to feed the world in 2050 and potential to mitigate nitrogen pollution\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Communications<\/span>, 5, 2014: Article 3858, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms4858<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nmore species are now threatened with extinction than ever before<\/q> D\u00edaz, S., et al., \u2018Assessing nature\u2019s contributions to people\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 359 (6373), 2018: 270\u201372, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aap8826<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \ncrucial effects in reducing biodiversity decline<\/q> P\u00f6rtner, H. O., et al., Scientific Outcome of the IPBES\u2013IPCC Co-sponsored Workshop on Biodiversity and Climate Change<\/span><\/cite>, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021, https:\/\/doi:10.5281\/zenodo.4659158<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Alexander Popp All online sources accessed on 28 February 2022 diets that are also increasing household food waste Bodirsky, B., et al., \u2018The ongoing nutrition transition thwarts long-term targets for food security, public health and environmental protection\u2019, Scientific Reports, 10, 2020: Article 19778, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-75213-3. the great majority of the total mammal biomass Bar-On, Y. M.,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":148,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-295","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=295"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/295\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}