{"id":270,"date":"2022-09-07T15:53:39","date_gmt":"2022-09-07T15:53:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=270"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:54","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:54","slug":"4-9-drawdown-technologies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/what-weve-done-about-it\/4-9-drawdown-technologies\/","title":{"rendered":"4.9 Drawdown Technologies"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Rob Jackson<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

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  1. \n

    \nfossil carbon dioxide emissions have risen 60 per cent<\/q> Friedlingstein, P., et al., \u2018Global carbon budget 2021\u2019<\/cite>, Earth System Science Data<\/span>, 14 (4), 2022: 1917\u20132005, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-14-1917-2022<\/a>; Jackson, R. B., et al., \u2018Persistent fossil fuel growth threatens the Paris Agreement and planetary health\u2019<\/cite>,Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 14 (12), 2019: Article 121001, https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab57b3<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nif we could keep cumulative global emissions below 750 billion tonnes<\/q> Fuss, S., et al., \u2018Moving toward net-zero emissions requires new alliances for carbon dioxide removal\u2019<\/cite>, One Earth<\/span>, 3 (2), 2020: 145\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oneear.2020.08.002<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \nonly thirty or so carbon capture and storage (CCS) plants<\/q> Twenty-seven CCS plants in operation in 2021, with four under construction: Turan, G., et al., Global Status of CCS 2021: CCS Accelerating to Net Zero<\/span><\/cite>, Global CCS Institute, 2021, https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/resources\/global-status-report\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nIf all those fossil plants operate to the end of their lifetimes<\/q> Tong, D., et al., \u2018Committed emissions from existing energy infrastructure jeopardize 1.5\u00b0C climate target\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 572 (7769), 2019: 373\u201377, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1364-3<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nAgricultural activities, such as ploughing<\/q> Sanderman, J., et al., \u2018Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 114 (36), 2017: 9575\u201380, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1706103114<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \none third of the climate mitigations needed up until 2030<\/q> Griscom, B. W., et al., \u2018Natural climate solutions\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 114 (44), 2017: 11645\u201350, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1710465114<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \n35\u201340 billion tonnes of annual fossil carbon pollution<\/q> Friedlingstein, P., et al., \u2018Global carbon budget 2020\u2019<\/cite>, Earth Systems Science Data<\/span>, 12 (4), 2020: 3269\u20133340, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-3269-2020<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \nPlants, rocks and industrial chemicals can be used to remove CO2<\/sub><\/q> Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering, Greenhouse Gas Removal<\/span><\/cite>, September 2018, https:\/\/royalsociety.org\/-\/media\/policy\/projects\/greenhouse-gas-removal\/royal-society-greenhouse-gas-removal-report-2018.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nBECCS is relatively cheap by negative emission standards<\/q> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda <\/span><\/cite> (Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2019), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/25259<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nIn 2019, BECCS facilities were removing about 1.5 million tonnes<\/q> For a list of BECCS plants operating in 2019, see Consoli, C., Bioenergy and Carbon Capture and Storage: 2019 Perspective<\/span><\/cite>, Global CCS Institute, 2019, https:\/\/www.globalccsinstitute.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/BECCS-Perspective_FINAL_18-March.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nroughly 3.5\u20135.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide removed per year<\/q> National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration<\/span><\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nAnother drawdown technology is enhanced weathering<\/q> Beerling, D. J., et al., \u2018Potential for large-scale CO2<\/sub> removal via enhanced rock weathering with croplands\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 583 (7815), 2020: 242\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2448-9<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \nThe current cost range for direct-air capture<\/q> Lebling, K., et al., \u2018Six things to know about direct air capture\u2019<\/cite>, World Resources Institute, 2022, https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/direct-air-capture-resource-considerations-and-costs-carbon-removal<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nMore than half of global methane emissions<\/q> Saunois, M., et al., \u2018The global methane budget 2000\u20132017\u2019<\/cite>, Earth System Science Data<\/span>, 12 (3), 2020: 1561\u20131623, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-12-1561-2020<\/a>; Jackson, R. B., et al., \u2018Increasing anthropogenic methane emissions arise equally from agricultural and fossil fuel sources\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 15 (7), 2020: Article 071002, https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab9ed2<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    \nIf feasible at scale, methane removal \u2026 threshold is passed<\/q> Abernethy, S., et al., \u2018Methane removal and the proportional reductions in surface temperature and ozone\u2019<\/cite>, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences<\/span>, 379, 2021: 20210104, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2021.0104<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \nmethane removal \u2026 needs much more research and investment<\/q> Jackson, R. B., et al., \u2018Atmospheric methane removal: a research agenda\u2019<\/cite>, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences<\/span>, 379 (2210), 2021: Article 20200454, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2020.0454<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe global economy could shrink by 18 per cent<\/q> Guo, J., et al., The Economics of Climate Change: No Action Not an Option<\/span><\/cite>, Swiss Re Institute, April 2021, https:\/\/www.swissre.com\/dam\/jcr:e73ee7c3-7f83-4c17-a2b8-8ef23a8d3312\/swiss-re-institute-expertise-publication-economics-of-climate-change.pdf<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Rob Jackson All online sources accessed on 1 March 2022 fossil carbon dioxide emissions have risen 60 per cent Friedlingstein, P., et al., \u2018Global carbon budget 2021\u2019, Earth System Science Data, 14 (4), 2022: 1917\u20132005, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/essd-14-1917-2022; Jackson, R. B., et al., \u2018Persistent fossil fuel growth threatens the Paris Agreement and planetary health\u2019,Environmental Research Letters, 14…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":148,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-270","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=270"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/270\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}