{"id":230,"date":"2022-09-05T12:05:08","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T12:05:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=230"},"modified":"2022-11-03T22:50:20","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T22:50:20","slug":"3-7-food-and-nutrition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/how-it-affects-us\/3-7-food-and-nutrition\/","title":{"rendered":"3.7 Food and Nutrition"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Samuel S. Myers<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

    \n
  1. \n

    \na voracious swarm of desert locusts<\/q> Njagi, D., \u2018The biblical locust plagues of 2020\u2019<\/cite>, BBC Future Planet, 6 August 2020, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200806-the-biblical-east-african-locust-plagues-of-2020<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nrecent changes in ocean and atmospheric circulations<\/q> Salih, A. A. M., et al., \u2018Climate change and locust outbreak in East Africa\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Climate Change<\/span>, 10 (7), 2020: 584\u20135, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-020-0835-8<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nreducing yields and causing crop failure<\/q> Myers, S. S., et al., \u2018Climate change and global food systems: potential impacts on food security and undernutrition\u2019<\/cite>, Annual Review of Public Health<\/span>, 38, 2017: 259\u201377, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031816-044356<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \ncrops grown at these elevated CO2<\/sub> concentrations<\/q> Myers, S. S., et al., \u2018Increasing CO2<\/sub> threatens human nutrition\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 510 (7503), 2014: 139\u201342, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13179<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \nseveral varieties of rice also experience large reductions<\/q> Zhu C., et al., \u2018Carbon dioxide (CO2<\/sub>) levels this century will alter the protein, micronutrients, and vitamin content of rice grains with potential health consequences for the poorest rice-dependent countries\u2019<\/cite>, Science Advances<\/span>, 4 (5), 2018: Article eaaq1012, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aaq1012<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    \nIn modelling studies, we found that these nutrient shifts<\/q> Medek, D. E., et al., \u2018Estimated effects of future atmospheric CO2<\/sub> concentrations on protein intake and the risk of protein deficiency by country and region\u2019<\/cite>, Environmental Health Perspectives<\/span>, 125, (8), 2017, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/EHP41<\/a>; Myers, S. S., et al., \u2018Effect of increased concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide on the global threat of zinc deficiency: a modelling study\u2019<\/cite>, Lancet Global Health<\/span>, 3 (10), 2015: e639\u2013e645, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00093-5<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nan increase of 132 million people suffering from folate deficiency<\/q> Smith, M. R., and Myers, S. S., \u2018Global health implications of nutrient changes in rice under high atmospheric carbon dioxide\u2019<\/cite>, GeoHealth<\/span>, 3 (7), 2019: 190\u2013200, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2019GH000188<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthiamine deficiency \u2026 nerve, heart and brain damage<\/q> Ibid.\n<\/p>\n

    \n1.4 billion women and children under five<\/q> Smith, M. R., et al., \u2018Potential rise in iron deficiency due to future anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions\u2019<\/cite>, GeoHealth<\/span>, 1 (6), 2017: 248\u201357, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/2016GH000018<\/a>; Smith, M. R., and Myers, S. S., \u2018Impact of anthropogenic CO2<\/sub> emissions on global human nutrition\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Climate Change<\/span>, 8 (9), 2018: 834\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-018-0253-3<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \ndriving species extinct at a thousand times the baseline rate<\/q> World Wildlife Fund, Living Planet Report 2020: Bending the Curve of Biodiversity Loss<\/span><\/cite>, 10 September 2020, https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/publications\/living-planet-report-2020<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \na greater than 75 per cent decline in flying insects<\/q> Hallmann, C. A., et al., \u2018More than 75 per cent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas\u2019<\/cite>, PLOS One<\/span>, 12 (10), 2017: Article e0185809, https:\/\/doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0185809<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \na key role in providing humanity with nutritious diets<\/q> Garibaldi, L. A., et al., \u2018Exploring connections between pollinator health and human health\u2019<\/cite>, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/span>, 377 (1853) 2021: Article 20210158, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2021.0158<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \na large share of the total calories<\/q> Klein, A.-M., et al., \u2018Importance of pollinators in changing landscapes for world crops\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/span>, 274 (1608), 2006: 303\u201313, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2006.3721<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nan even larger share of nutrients<\/q> Eilers, E. J., et al., \u2018Contribution of pollinator-mediated crops to nutrients in the human food supply\u2019<\/cite>, PLOS One<\/span>, 6 (6), 2011: Article e21363, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0021363<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    \nup to 1.4 million excess deaths every year<\/q> Smith, M. R., et al., \u2018Effects of decreases of animal pollinators on human nutrition and global health: a modelling analysis\u2019<\/cite>, Lancet<\/span>, 386 (10007), 2015: 1964\u201372, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61085-6<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nthe global fish harvest has been steadily declining<\/q> Pauly, D., and Zeller, D., \u2018Catch reconstructions reveal that global marine fisheries catches are higher than reported and declining\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Communications<\/span>, 7, 2016: Article 10244, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms10244<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \nOcean warming is likely to worsen these trends<\/q> Cheung, W. W. L., et al., \u2018Signature of ocean warming in global fisheries catch\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 497 (7449), 2013: 365\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12156<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nover 1 billion people depend on wild-harvested fish<\/q> Golden, C. D., et al., \u2018Fall in fish catch threatens human health\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 534 (7607), 2016: 317\u201320, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/534317a<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nnutrition is being squeezed in a vice<\/q> Myers, S. S., \u2018Food and nutrition on a rapidly changing planet\u2019<\/cite>, in Myer, S. S., and Frumkin, H., eds., Planetary Health: Protecting Nature to Protect Ourselves<\/span> (Washington, DC: Island Press 2020).\n<\/p>\n

    \nProtecting our planet is no longer only an environmental priority<\/q> Myers and Frumkin, eds., Planetary Health<\/span><\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Samuel S. Myers All online sources accessed on 27 February 2022 a voracious swarm of desert locusts Njagi, D., \u2018The biblical locust plagues of 2020\u2019, BBC Future Planet, 6 August 2020, https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20200806-the-biblical-east-african-locust-plagues-of-2020. recent changes in ocean and atmospheric circulations Salih, A. A. M., et al., \u2018Climate change and locust outbreak in East Africa\u2019, Nature Climate…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":146,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-230","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=230"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/230\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/146"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}