{"id":203,"date":"2022-09-01T11:47:24","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T11:47:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=203"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:51","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:51","slug":"2-23-permafrost","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/how-our-planet-is-changing\/2-23-permafrost\/","title":{"rendered":"2.23 Permafrost"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"notes\">\n<p class=\"author\"><a href=\"\/contributors#\u00f6rjan-gustafsson\" rel=\"author\">\u00d6rjan Gustafsson<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"date\">All online sources accessed on <time datetime=\"2022-03-01\">1 March 2022<\/time><\/p>\n<ol start=\"114\">\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>about 75 per cent of the shallow hydrates on Earth<\/q> Shakhova, N., et al., <cite>\u2018Understanding the permafrost\u2013hydrate system and associated methane releases in the east Siberian Arctic shelf\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Geosciences<\/span>, 9 (6), 2019: Article 251, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences9060251\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences9060251<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>ten times faster on the Tibetan Plateau<\/q> Gao, T., et al., <cite>\u2018Accelerating permafrost collapse on the eastern Tibetan Plateau\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Environmental Research Letters<\/span>, 16 (5), 2021: Article 054023, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/abf7f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/abf7f0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/abf7f0<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n<q>warmed by around 10\u00b0C by the overlying seawater<\/q> Shakhova, N., et al., <cite>\u2018Current rates and mechanisms of subsea permafrost degradation in the east Siberian Arctic shelf\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Nature Communications<\/span>, 8, 2017: Article 15872, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15872\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15872<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\n<q>we have also witnessed methane bubbling<\/q> Shakhova, N., et al., <cite>\u2018Extensive methane venting to the atmosphere from sediments of the east Siberian Arctic shelf\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Science<\/span>, 327 (5970), 2010: 1246\u201350, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1182221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1182221<\/a>; Steinbach, J., et al., <cite>\u2018Source apportionment of methane escaping the subsea permafrost system in the outer Eurasian Arctic shelf\u2019<\/cite>, <span class=\"book\">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 118 (10), 2021: Article e2019672118, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2019672118\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2019672118<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00d6rjan Gustafsson All online sources accessed on 1 March 2022 about 75 per cent of the shallow hydrates on Earth Shakhova, N., et al., \u2018Understanding the permafrost\u2013hydrate system and associated methane releases in the east Siberian Arctic shelf\u2019, Geosciences, 9 (6), 2019: Article 251, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/geosciences9060251. ten times faster on the Tibetan Plateau Gao, T., et&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":18,"menu_order":23,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-203","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}