{"id":201,"date":"2022-09-01T00:05:02","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T00:05:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=201"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:50","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:50","slug":"2-21-natures-calendar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/how-our-planet-is-changing\/2-21-natures-calendar\/","title":{"rendered":"2.21 Nature\u2019s Calendar"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Keith W. Larson<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

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  1. \n

    \nspecies range and phenology \u2026 indicators of climate change<\/q> Parmesan, C., and Yohe, G., \u2018A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 421 (6198), 2003: 37\u201342, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01286<\/a>; Root, T. L., et al., \u2018Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 421 (6198), 2003: 57\u201360, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01333<\/a>; Walther, G. R., et al., \u2018An ecological \u201cfootprint\u201d of climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/span>, 272 (1571), 2005: 1427\u201332, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2005.3119<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nmany cases of species shifting their geographic ranges<\/q> Lenoir, J., et al., \u2018A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 320 (5884), 2008: 1768\u201371, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1156831<\/a>; Massimino, D., et al., \u2018The geographical range of British birds expands during 15 years of warming\u2019<\/cite>, Bird Study<\/span>, 62 (4), 2015: 523\u201334, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00063657.2015.1089835<\/a>; Parmesan, C., et al., \u2018Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 399 (6736), 1999: 579\u201383, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/21181<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \naltering the timing of phenological events<\/q> Cotton, P. A., \u2018Avian migration phenology and global climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 100 (21), 2003: 12219\u201322, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1930548100<\/a>; Mazaris, A. D., et al., \u2018Phenological response of sea turtles to environmental variation across a species\u2019 northern range\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences<\/span>, 280 (1751), 2013: Article 20122397, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2012.2397<\/a>; Parmesan, C., \u2018Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of phenological response to global warming\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 13 (9), 2007: 1860\u201372, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2007.01404.x<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \ntracking cool conditions as our planet warms<\/q> Hughes, L., \u2018Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent?\u2019<\/cite>, Trends in Ecology and Evolution<\/span>, 15 (2), 2000: 56\u201361, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-5347(99)01764-4<\/a>; Scheffers, B. R., et al., \u2018The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 354 (6313), 2016: Article aaf7671, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf7671<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \ngreat tits are breeding up to two weeks earlier<\/q> Cole, E. F., et al., \u2018Spatial variation in avian phenological response to climate change linked to tree health\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Climate Change<\/span>, 11 (10), 2021: 872\u20138, , 11 (10), 2021: 872\u20138, , 11 (10), 2021: 872\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-021-01140-4<\/a>; Bauer, Z., et al., \u2018Changing climate and the phenological response of great tit and collared flycatcher populations in floodplain forest ecosystems in central Europe\u2019<\/cite>, International Journal of Biometeorology<\/span>, 54 (1), 2010: 99\u2013111, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-009-0259-7<\/a>; Samplonius, J. M., et al., \u2018Phenological sensitivity to climate change is higher in resident than in migrant bird populations among European cavity breeders\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 24 (8), 2018: 3780\u201390, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.14160<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nshrinking by 87,000 square kilometres a year<\/q> Peng, X., et al., \u2018A holistic assessment of 1979\u20132016 global cryospheric extent\u2019<\/cite>, Earth\u2019s Future<\/span>, 9 (8), 2021: Article e2020EF001969, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2020EF001969<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nsome species may be \u2026 reducing their body size<\/q> Jirinec, V., et al., \u2018Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest\u2019<\/cite>, Science Advances<\/span>, 7 (46), 2021, Article eabk1743, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abk1743<\/a>; Prokosch, J., et al., \u2018Are animals shrinking due to climate change? Temperature-mediated selection on body mass in mountain wagtails\u2019<\/cite>, Oecologia<\/span>, 189 (3), 2019: 841\u20139, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00442-019-04368-2<\/a>; Sheridan, J. A., and Bickford, D., \u2018Shrinking body size as an ecological response to climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Climate Change<\/span>, 1 (8), 2011: 401\u20136, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nclimate1259<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \npied flycatchers have been arriving earlier<\/q> Samplonius et al., \u2018Phenological sensitivity to climate change\u2019<\/cite>; Samplonius, J. M., and Both, C., \u2018Climate change may affect fatal competition between two bird species\u2019<\/cite>, Current Biology<\/span>, 29 (2), 2019: 327\u2013331.e2, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.063<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nentire biomes are shifting<\/q> Scheffers et al., \u2018The broad footprint of climate change\u2019<\/cite>; Dobrowski, S. Z., et al., \u2018Protected-area targets could be undermined by climate change-driven shifts in ecoregions and biomes\u2019<\/cite>, Communications Earth and Environment<\/span>, 2, 2021: Article 198, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43247-021-00270-z<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Keith W. Larson All online sources accessed on 1 November 2021 species range and phenology \u2026 indicators of climate change Parmesan, C., and Yohe, G., \u2018A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems\u2019, Nature, 421 (6198), 2003: 37\u201342, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature01286; Root, T. L., et al., \u2018Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":18,"menu_order":21,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-201","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/201\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}