{"id":190,"date":"2022-08-31T12:16:40","date_gmt":"2022-08-31T12:16:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=190"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:50","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:50","slug":"2-19-terrestrial-biodiversity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/how-our-planet-is-changing\/2-19-terrestrial-biodiversity\/","title":{"rendered":"2.18 Boreal and Temperate Forests"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Beverly Law<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

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    \nthe number of subspecies increases in \u2026 higher latitudes<\/q> Botero, C. A., et al., \u2018Environmental harshness is positively correlated with intraspecific divergence in mammals and birds\u2019<\/cite>, Molecular Ecology<\/span>, 23 (2), 2014: 259\u201368, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.12572<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nexists in a circumpolar band<\/q> Wang, J. A., et al., \u2018Disturbance suppresses the aboveground carbon sink in North American boreal forests\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Climate Change<\/span>, 11 (5), 2021: 435\u201341, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-021-01027-4<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \n367\u20131,716 gigatonnes of carbon<\/q> Merrill, M. D., et al., Federal Lands Greenhouse Emissions and Sequestration in the United States: Estimates for 2005\u201314<\/span><\/cite>, US Geological Survey scientific investigations report, 2018, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3133\/sir20185131<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \n8\u201313 per cent of boreal forest area is truly protected<\/q> Wells J. V., et al., \u2018The state of conservation in North America\u2019s boreal forest: issues and opportunities\u2019<\/cite>, Frontiers in Forests and Global Change<\/span>, 3, 2020: Article 90, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/ffgc.2020.00090<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nhalf of the boreal forest area is managed for wood production<\/q> Gauthier, S., et al., \u2018Boreal forest health and global change\u2019<\/cite>, Science<\/span>, 349 (6250), 2015: 819\u201322, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaa9092<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nHarvesting has significantly reduced the extent of old forests<\/q> Gauthier et al., \u2018Boreal forest health and global change\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nlogging has also reduced the trees\u2019 accumulation of carbon<\/q> Wang et al., \u2018Disturbance suppresses the aboveground carbon sink\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \nthe boreal forest zone is shifting northwards<\/q> Berner, L. T., and Goetz, S. J., \u2018Satellite observations document trends consistent with a boreal forest biome shift\u2019<\/cite>, Global Change Biology<\/span>, 28 (10), 2022: 3275\u201392, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.16121<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nall populations of caribou in Canada<\/q> Wells et al., \u2018The state of conservation in North America\u2019s boreal forest\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nTemperate forests have some of the highest carbon densities in the world<\/q> Law, B. E., et al., \u2018Land use strategies to mitigate climate change in carbon dense temperate forests\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 115 (14), 2018: 3663\u20138, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1720064115<\/a>; Keith, H., et al., \u2018Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks and lessons from the world\u2019s most carbon dense forests\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 106 (28), 2009: 11635\u201340, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0901970106<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nmultiple canopy layers provide critical habitats<\/q> Law, B. E., et al., \u2018Strategic forest reserves can protect biodiversity and mitigate climate change in the western United States\u2019<\/cite>, Communications Earth and Environment<\/span>, 2, 2021: Article 254, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43247-021-00326-0<\/a>; Buotte, P. C., et al., \u2018Carbon sequestration and biodiversity co-benefits of preserving forests in the western United States\u2019<\/cite>, Ecological Applications<\/span>, 30 (2), 2020: Article e02039, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eap.2039<\/a>; Keith et al., \u2018Re-evaluation of forest biomass carbon stocks\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \nmore than seven times the emissions from all natural causes<\/q> Harris, N. L., et al., \u2018Attribution of net carbon change by disturbance type across forest lands of the conterminous United States\u2019<\/cite>, Carbon Balance and Management<\/span>, 11, 2016: Article 24, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13021-016-0066-5<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nforests of the northern hemisphere \u2026 larger carbon sinks<\/q> Ciais, P., et al., \u2018Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration\u2019<\/cite>, National Science Review<\/span>, 8 (2), 2021: Article nwaa145, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa145<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nThe global mitigation potential of natural forest management<\/q> Griscom, B. W., et al., \u2018Natural climate solutions\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 114 (44), 2017: 11645\u201350, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1710465114<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nIn the western US, temperate forests \u2026 global mitigation potential<\/q> Buotte et al., \u2018Carbon sequestration and biodiversity co-benefits\u2019<\/cite>; Griscom et al., \u2018Natural climate solutions\u2019<\/cite>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

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    \nleading to higher rates of tree mortality<\/q> Kurz, W. A., et al., \u2018Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 452 (7190), 2008: 987\u201390, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature06777<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nallowed the beetles to cross the continental divide<\/q> Cullingham, C. I., ed., \u2018Mountain pine beetle host-range expansion threatens the boreal forest\u2019<\/cite>, Molecular Ecology<\/span>, 20 (10), 2011: 2157\u201371, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2011.05086.x<\/a>\n<\/p>\n

    \nForest protection keeps carbon in the forests<\/q> Law et al., \u2018Strategic forest reserves can protect biodiversity\u2019<\/cite>; Law et al., \u2018Land use strategies to mitigate climate change\u2019<\/cite>.<\/p>\n

    \nIf we are to mitigate climate change<\/q> P\u00f6rtner, H. O., et al., IPBES\u2013IPCC Co-sponsored Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Climate Change<\/span><\/cite>, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.4782538<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Beverly Law All online sources accessed on 6 December 2021 the number of subspecies increases in \u2026 higher latitudes Botero, C. A., et al., \u2018Environmental harshness is positively correlated with intraspecific divergence in mammals and birds\u2019, Molecular Ecology, 23 (2), 2014: 259\u201368, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mec.12572. exists in a circumpolar band Wang, J. A., et al., \u2018Disturbance suppresses…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":18,"menu_order":18,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-190","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/190\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}