{"id":166,"date":"2022-08-24T14:45:03","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T14:45:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/?page_id=166"},"modified":"2022-11-01T12:58:49","modified_gmt":"2022-11-01T12:58:49","slug":"2-10-ice-sheets-shelves-and-glaciers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/endnotes\/how-our-planet-is-changing\/2-10-ice-sheets-shelves-and-glaciers\/","title":{"rendered":"2.10 Ice Sheets, Shelves and Glaciers"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Ricarda Winkelmann<\/a><\/p>\n

All online sources accessed on

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  1. \n

    \n12.8 trillion tonnes of ice were lost<\/q> Slater, T., et al., \u2018Earth\u2019s ice imbalance\u2019<\/cite>, Cryosphere<\/span>, 15 (1), 2021: 233\u201346, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/tc-15-233-2021<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \neven modest losses \u2026 can significantly increase the risk of flooding<\/q> Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate<\/span><\/cite>, ed. H.-O. Po\u0308rtner et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022), https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/srocc\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \nmelt-elevation feedback could lead to sustained ice loss<\/q> Fox-Kemper, B., et al., \u2018Ocean, cryosphere and sea level change\u2019<\/cite>, in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/span>, ed. V. Masson-Delmotte et al. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, in press), https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg1\/<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nThese get thinner \u2026 warmer ocean waters<\/q> Winkelmann, R., et al., \u2018The Antarctic ice sheet \u2013 a sleeping giant?\u2019<\/cite>, Frontiers for Young Minds, 27 April 2022, https:\/\/kids.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/frym.2022.702643<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nThese positive feedbacks are why both ice sheets<\/q> Lenton, T. M., et al., \u2018Tipping elements in the Earth\u2019s climate system\u2019<\/cite>, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span>, 105 (6), 2008: 1786\u201393, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0705414105<\/a>; Armstrong McKay, D., et al., \u2018Updated assessment suggests >1.5\u00b0C global warming could trigger multiple tipping points\u2019<\/cite> (in review), Earth and Space Science Open Archive, 23 December 2021, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/essoar.10509769.1<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nThe risk \u2026 increases starkly when exceeding global warming of 1.5\u20132\u00b0C<\/q> Armstrong McKay et al., \u2018Updated assessment suggests >1.5\u00b0C global warming could trigger multiple tipping points\u2019<\/cite>; Martin, M. A., et al., \u2018Ten new insights in climate science 2021: a horizon scan\u2019<\/cite>, Global Sustainability<\/span>, 4, 2021: Article e25, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/sus.2021.25<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n

    \nEven if temperatures eventually were to sink<\/q> Robinson, A., Calov, R., and Ganopolski, A., \u2018Multistability and critical thresholds of the Greenland ice sheet\u2019<\/cite>, Nature Climate Change<\/span>, 2 (6), 2012: 429\u201332, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nclimate1449<\/a>; Garbe, J. T., et al., \u2018Hysteresis of the Antarctic ice sheet\u2019<\/cite>, Nature<\/span>, 585 (7826), 2020: 538\u201344, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2727-5<\/a>.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ricarda Winkelmann All online sources accessed on 27 February 2022 12.8 trillion tonnes of ice were lost Slater, T., et al., \u2018Earth\u2019s ice imbalance\u2019, Cryosphere, 15 (1), 2021: 233\u201346, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/tc-15-233-2021. even modest losses \u2026 can significantly increase the risk of flooding Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":18,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-essay.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-166","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/166\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/theclimatebook.org\/en-us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}